Fig. 5.

DSS treatment decreases osteoblast markers and activity and increases bone TNF expression. A: osteoblast bone formation and histomorphology analyses. Top: representative photos depicting two calcein pulses near bone surface in control and DSS-treated mice. Graphs show calculated bone formation rate (BFR) and mineral apposition rate (MAR), serum osteocalcin (OC), and osteoblast (OB) surface/bone surface. B: tibial RNA was analyzed for mRNA expression levels of osteoblast markers: Runx2 and osteocalcin (OC), as well as TNF-α mRNA levels. RNA values are expressed relative to HPRT, a nonmodulated housekeeping gene. Values represent averages ± SE. *P ≤ 0.05, n ≥ 9 per group.