Table 2.
Parameters derived from the time course of main pulmonary artery velocities obtained from MR phase-contrast measurements and their correlation to the main pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
| Reference | PH | Non-PH | Correlation mPAP/PVR | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
vpeak (cm s−1) | ||||
| Ley et al54 | 32 ± 16* 50 ± 23# | 82 ± 21 | −0.6/−0.5 | 35 patients with CTEPH (*pre- and #post pulmonary thromboendarterectomy), 10 healthy controls |
| Ley et al27 | 72 ± 22 | 83 ± 11 | −0.34/– | 22 patients with PAH, 25 healthy controls. Non-significant correlation with mPAP |
| Sanz et al48 | 64 ± 26 | 84 ± 22 | −0.37/−0.51 | 42 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Guo et al55 | 53 ± 15 | 80 ± 17 | −0.48/−0.41 | 20 patients with CTEPH, 20 healthy controls. Linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Helderman et al51 | 60 ± 21 | 88 ± 22 | – | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients |
| Barker et al56 | 67 ± 22 | 84 ± 12 | – | 10 patients with PAH, 9 healthy controls (2 centres). Evaluation from 4D PC imaging |
| Truong et al52 | 80 ± 50 | 130 ± 70 | – | 25 paediatric patients with PAH, 4 paediatric healthy controls |
| Garcia-Alvarez et al50 | 68 ± 22* 59 ± 31# | – | –/−0.54 | *Derivation cohort: 80 patients with PH (all groups). #Validation cohort: 20 patients with PH (all groups) |
| Ley et al57 | 79 ± 26* 66 ± 22# | – | – | 10/10 patients with PH (all groups) *with/#without training (here: baseline values) |
| Rolf et al53 | 61 ± 16* 74 ± 19# | – | – | 57 patients with CTEPH *pre- and #post endarterectomy |
|
vmean,avg (cm s−1) | ||||
| Sanz et al48 | 8.9 ± 2.8 | 15.6 ± 5.2 | −0.73/−0.86 | 42 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients; linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR. AUCmPAP>25mmHg = 0.90; cut-off = 11.7 cm s−1; sensitivity/specificity = 93%/82%; AUCPVR>3WU = 0.92; cut-off = 11.7 cm s−1: sensitivity/specificity = 91%/93% |
| 16.9 ± 8.7 | 38.4 ± 16.5 | −0.71/−0.78 | vmean,avg during AT | |
| 14.6 ± 6.8 | 29.4 ± 12.4 | −0.74/−0.84 | vmean,avg during ET | |
| Moral et al49 | 8.9 ± 4.3 | 14.2 ± 7.1 | −0.51/– | 152 patients with PH (all groups), 33 non-PH patients; linear correlation with mPAP |
| Swift et al15 | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 13.6 ± 6.7 | −0.55/−0.56 | 106 patients with PH (all groups) and non-PH patients; linear correlation with mPAP and PVR. AUCmPAP>25mmHg = 0.80; cut-off = 10 cm s−1; sensitivity/specificity = 82%/62% |
| Ley et al57 | 14 ± 4* 11 ± 2# | – | – | 10/10 patients with PH (all groups) *with/#without training (here: baseline values) |
| Guo et al55 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 15.4 ± 3.1 | −0.47/−0.62 | 20 patients with CTEPH, 20 healthy controls. Linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Helderman et al51 | 16 ± 5 | 38 ± 10 | R2 = 0.60/– | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients |
| Truong et al52 | 17 ± 11 | 30 ± 12 | – | 25 paediatric patients with PAH, 4 paediatric healthy controls. Non-significant difference |
| 58 ± 34 | 83 ± 23 | – | Vmean,avg, in systole | |
| Garcia-Alvarez et al50 | 9.7 ± 6.5* 9.1 ± 8.9# | – | –/−0.83 | *Derivation cohort: 80 patients with PH (all groups). #Validation cohort: 20 patients with PH (all groups) |
| Time to vpeak (ms) | ||||
| Ley et al27 | 98 ± 33 | 151 ± 27 | −0.19/– | 22 patients with PAH, 25 healthy controls. Non-significant correlation with mPAP |
| Ley et al57 | 92 ± 32* 108 ± 61# | – | – | 10/10 patients with PH (all groups) *with/#without training (here: baseline values) |
4D, four-dimensional; AUC, area under the curve; AT, acceleration time; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; ET, ejection time; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PH, pulmonary hypertension; vmean,avg, average mean velocity; vpeak, peak velocity.