Table 3.
Parameters derived from the time course of the main pulmonary artery blood flow obtained from MR phase-contrast measurements and their correlation to the main pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
| Reference | PH | non-PH | Correlation mPAP/PVR | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Qmax (ml s−1) | ||||
| Barker et al56 | 277 ± 73 | 337 ± 72 | 10 patients with PAH, 9 healthy controls (2 centres). Evaluation from 4D PC imaging | |
|
Qmean (ml s−1) | ||||
| Guo et al55 | 74 ± 20 | 73 ± 18 | −0.38/−0.73 | 20 patients with CTEPH, 20 healthy controls. Linear correlation with indexed PVR |
| Ley et al54 | 35 ± 13* 47 ± 17# | 67 ± 20 | – | 35 patients with CTEPH (*pre- and #post pulmonary thromboendarterectomy), 10 healthy controls |
| Ley et al27 | 82 ± 23 | 107 ± 25 | – | 22 patients with PAH, 25 healthy controls |
| Truong et al52 | 40 ± 16 | 43 ± 20 | – | 25 paediatric patients with PAH, 4 paediatric healthy controls. Non-significant difference |
| Ley et al57 | 95 ± 20* 85 ± 23# | – | 10/10 patients with PH (all groups) *with/#without training (here: baseline values) | |
| Relative RF (%) | ||||
| Kondo et al61 | 17 ± 14 | 3 ± 2 | 0.20/0.48 | 10 patients with PH (all groups), 10 non-PH patients. Non-significant correlation with mPAP. Natural logarithm of RF: correlation with mPAP/PVR = 0.48/0.63 |
| Helderman et al51 | 9 ± 5 | 1 ± 1 | R2 = 0.54/– | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients |
| Swift et al15 | 16 ± 9 | 9 ± 7 | 0.34/0.31 | 106 patients with PH (all groups) and non-PH patients; linear correlation with mPAP and PVR. AUCmPAP>25mmHg = 0.75 |
| AccV (ml) | ||||
| Mousseaux et al62 | 15 ± 5 | 29 ± 8# 42 ± 12* | –/−0.78 | 12 patients with PH (all groups),#7 non-PH patients,*10 healthy controls |
| Maximal dQ/dtmax (ml s−2) | ||||
| Mousseaux et al62 | 6.77 ± 1.80 | 6.59 ± 1.05# 7.18 ± 2.72* | – | 12 patients with PH (all groups),#7 non-PH patients,*10 healthy controls |
| AT (ms) | ||||
| Mousseaux et al62 | 87 ± 24 | 128 ± 23# 134 ± 19* | –/−0.65 | 12 patients with PH (all groups),#7 non-PH patients,*10 healthy controls |
| Sanz et al48 | 128 ± 26 | 146 ± 22 | −0.35/−0.35 | 42 patients with PAH, 10 healthy controls; linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Helderman et al51 | 89 ± 29 | 107 ± 20 | – | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients |
| Alunni et al25 | 127 ± 34 | –/−0.50 | 37 patients with PH | |
| ET (ms) | ||||
| Sanz et al48 | 383 ± 77 | 393 ± 74 | −0.17/−0.19 | 42 patients with PAH, 10 healthy controls; non-significant correlations with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Alunni et al25 | 322 ± 60 | – | – | 37 patients with PH |
| AT/ET (ms) | ||||
| Sanz et al48 | 0.34 ± 0.08 | 0.37 ± 0.08 | −0.28/−0.29 | 42 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients; linear correlation with mPAP and indexed PVR |
| Helderman et al51 | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 0.34 ± 0.07 | – | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients |
| Rolf et al53 | 0.32 ± 0.06* 0.36 ± 0.09# | – | – | 57 patients with CTEPH *pre- and #post endarterectomy |
| rROT (%) | ||||
| Helderman et al51 | 14 ± 6 | 37 ± 6 | R2 = 0.62/– | 38 patients with PAH, 17 non-PH patients. rROT >25%; sensitivity/specificity = 100%/100% |
4D, four-dimensional; AccV, acceleration volume; AUC, area under the curve; AT, acceleration time; CTEPH, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension; dQ/dtmax, maximum change in flow rate during ejection; ET, ejection time; PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension; PH, pulmonary hypertension; Qmax, maximal blood flow; Qmean, mean blood flow; RF, retrograde blood flow; rROT, relative onset of retrograde flow.