Table 1.
Baseline and intraoperative patient characteristics.
| Patient Characteristic | Total (n = 310) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 (47, 81) |
| Female gender | 111 (35.8%) |
| African American ancestry | 13 (4.2%) |
| Medical history | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 84 (27.1%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 119 (38.4%) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 60 (35, 60) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 34 (11.0%) |
| Current smoking | 44 (14.2%) |
| Former smoking | 115 (37.1%) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 45 (14.5%) |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (0, 5) |
| Diabetes | 95 (30.6%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.6 (22.5, 36.6) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 82 (26.5%) |
| Stroke | 17 (5.5%) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 11 (3.5%) |
| Mini Mental State Exam score | 29 (26, 30) |
| Trails B score, seconds | 110 (70, 211) |
| Medication use | |
| Baseline angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 96 (31%) |
| Baseline statin use | 185 (59.7%) |
| Perioperative statin treatment | 159 (51.3%) |
| Baseline laboratory and hemodynamic data | |
| Blood glucose, mg/dl | 108 (88, 157) |
| Hematocrit, % | 35 (29, 43) |
| Arterial pH | 7.4 (7.34, 7.47) |
| PaCO2, mmHg | 41 (35, 49) |
| Arterial lactate, mg/dl | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) |
| Mean arterial Pressure, mmHg | 70 (57, 86) |
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 64 (49, 84) |
| Cardiac index, liters/min/m2 | 2.2 (1.5, 3.1) |
| Central venous pressure, mmHg | 13 (7, 20) |
| Peripheral arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation | 98 (95, 100) |
| Cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation | 68 (54, 81) |
| Oxidative injury biomarkers | |
| F2-isoprostanes, plasma, baseline, pg/ml | 28.8 (14.7, 58.4) |
| Isofurans, plasma, baseline, pg/ml | 45.17 (21.4, 102.8) |
| F2-isoprostanes, plasma, ICU admission, pg/ml | 31.3 (17.8, 61.8) |
| Isofurans, plasma, ICU admission, pg/ml | 63.1 (31.7, 123.6) |
| Procedure characteristics | |
| Duration of surgery, minutes | 312 (222, 479) |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 124 (40%) |
| Valve surgery | 225 (72.6%) |
| Mean intraop arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation, % | 100 (99,100) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass use | 247 (79.7%) |
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min | 136 (89.8, 237) |
| Aorta cross-clamp use | 164 (66.4%) |
| Circulatory arrest use | 20 (8.1%) |
Binary characteristics are reported as n (%) and continuous characteristics as median (10th percentile, 90 percentile). PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; intraop, intraoperative; min, minutes.