In A and B, cells were infected with the indicated viruses at 75 MOI, and relative mRNA levels for PRG4 and PAPSS2 were determined. (REST, * = p < 0.05, n.s. = not significant, n = 8). In C and D, cells were infected with the indicated viruses at 75 MOI and treated with either vehicle (−) or TGF-β1 (+), and relative mRNA levels for PRG4 and PAPSS2 were determined. (REST, * = p < 0.05, n.s. = not significant, n = 4). In E and F, cells were infected with either 150 MOI of AdeGFP (labeled Ad-eGFP), 75 MOI of Ad-eGFP + 75 MOI of Ad-SMAD3 (labeled Ad-SMAD3), 75 MOI of Ad-eGFP + 75 MOI of Ad-SOX9 (labeled Ad-SOX9), or 75 MOI of Ad-SMAD3 + 75 MOI of Ad-SOX9 (labeled Ad-SMAD3 + Ad-SOX9). (REST, * = p < 0.05, n.s. = not significant, n = 4). In all cases, mRNA levels are relative to mRNA levels of cultures treated with only Ad-eGFP (control).