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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 23.
Published in final edited form as: Integr Biol (Camb). 2017 Jan 23;9(1):6–21. doi: 10.1039/c6ib00178e

Fig. 2. Advantages of pulsatile stimulation over conventional methods.

Fig. 2

A. Mimics physiology: Pulsatile stimulation can mimic several time-varying ligand secretions that are physiologically more relevant, such as glutamate, Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) are all known to be secreted in pulsatile fashion. Data adapted from several sources referenced at appropriate place in the text. B. Synchronizes response through phase-locking/entrainment: Pulsatile stimulation results in phase-locking or entrainment in several non-linear systems thus filters out the temporal variations because of biochemical noise or cell-to-cell variability.