. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Matern Child Health J. 2017 Feb;21(2):315–325. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2116-8

TABLE 2.

Weighted estimates of characteristic distributions of women in Hawaii, overall and by health factors

	Overall		Current Smoking			Obese^c			Binge Drinking

	n^a	Mean or %^b	No^d	Yes	p	No^d	Yes	p	No^d	Yes	p
*Demographics*
Mean Age (in years)	3,354	48.6	49.3	44.4	<0.001^*	48.9	45.7	0.014^*	49.9	38.1	<0.001^*
Median Age (in years)	3,354		49	43	---			---	50	35	---
Race/ethnicity (%)					<0.001^*			<0.001^*			<0.001^*
White	1,378	30.6	30.1	34.4		29.3	31.2		29.0	44.5
Asian	1,441	50.3	52.8	33.4		60.4	28.9		52.8	28.7
NHOPI	438	15.8	13.8	29.6		7.9	34.6		14.8	23.9
Other	97	3.3	3.4	2.6		2.3	5.3		3.4	2.9
Education Status (%)					<0.001^*			<0.001^*			0.165
Less than high school	163	4.5	3.8	8.9		3.8	6.9		4.7	2.1
High school graduate	862	26.7	25.2	37.4		22.8	37.6		26.0	33.0
Attended college/technical school	997	29.9	29.2	35.0		29.2	30.8		30.2	27.1
Graduated from college/technical school	1,332	38.9	41.9	18.7		44.3	24.6		39.1	37.8
*Healthcare Coverage (% Yes)*	3,216	95.7	95.9	94.3	0.260	95.8	94.9	0.572	95.8	94.6	0.493
*Emotional Support (%)*					0.104			0.719			0.074
Rarely/never	355	10.2	10.5	8.6		11.1	9.8		10.9	4.9
Sometimes	361	10.2	9.7	14.0		10.6	9.7		10.0	12.0
Always/usually	2,638	79.5	79.9	77.4		78.3	80.6		79.1	83.1
*Health Factors*
Current Smoker (% Yes)	407	12.6	---	---	---	11.2	15.5	0.048^*	10.6	30.6	<0.001^*
Binge Drinker (% Yes)	297	10.4	8.2	25.2	<0.001^*	10.0	13.7	0.123	---	---	---
BMI
Mean (in kg/m²)	3,354	25.8	25.6	26.7	0.012^*	21.6	34.9	<0.001^*	25.7	26.0	0.657
Categorical					0.113			---			0.092
Normal	1,753	53.4	54.3	47.3		---	---		53.6	51.7
Overweight	949	25.2	26.0	27.8		---	---		26.8	21.5
Obese	652	20.3	20.0	24.9		---	---		19.6	26.7
*Adverse Childhood Events*
Mean (count)	3,354	1.6	1.4	2.6	<0.001^*	1.3	2.3	<0.001^*	1.5	2.1	0.002^*
Categories (% Yes)
Household Dysfunction	1,357	41.6	38.6	62.0	<0.001^*	37.9	51.0	<0.001^*	40.1	54.8	0.002^*
Physical Abuse	488	15.0	12.6	31.6	<0.001^*	12.8	24.0	<0.001^*	14.6	18.1	0.292
Verbal Abuse	838	24.8	22.7	39.6	<0.001^*	21.7	32.2	<0.001^*	23.7	34.2	0.008^*
Sexual Abuse	483	13.1	12.4	18.1	0.014^*	10.5	20.5	<0.001^*	12.6	17.2	0.105

BMI, Body Mass Index; BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; kg, Kilogram; m, Meter Analyses included t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

Unweighted number of women in Hawaii who participated in the BRFSS, 2010 with complete data, N=3,406

Weighted percentages

n=2,405 (excludes overweight participants)

No=Normal weight

Significant p-value < 0.05