Table 1.
Characteristics of participants and non-participants in imaging studies
|
MRI n=672 |
No MRI n=398 |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 79.8 (5.0) | 80.6 (5.4) | 0.015 |
| Men, n (%) | 353 (52.5) | 193 (48.5) | 0.20 |
| Education, mean (SD) | 14.2 (2.9) | 13.8 (3.0) | 0.032 |
| APOE ε4 carrier, n (%) | 156 (23.2) | 96 (24.2) | 0.70 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.4 (4.6) | 28.0 (5.7) | 0.12 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 99 (14.7) | 73 (18.3) | 0.12 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 517 (76.9) | 328 (82.4) | 0.034 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 545 (81.1) | 330 (82.9) | 0.46 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 25 (3.7) | 33 (8.3) | 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 42 (6.3) | 74 (18.6) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 256 (38.1) | 181 (45.5) | 0.018 |
| Vascular conditions, mean (SD)* | 2.9 (1.6) | 3.4 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Smoking: | |||
| Never | 64 (50.4) | 56 (44.4) | 0.56 |
| Former | 50 (39.4) | 53 (42.1) | |
| Current | 13 (10.2) | 30 (11.9) | |
| Depressive symptoms† | 27 (4.0) | 27 (6.8) | 0.046 |
| Global z score‡ | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.3 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| MeDi score, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0 – 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0- 5.0) | 0.052 |
| FFQ to MRI, median (IQR) months§ | 6.2 (3.6 – 12.7) | NA | |
| MCI at time of imaging, n (%) | 22 (3.3) | NA | |
| Imaging measures:// | |||
| Parietal cortical thickness, mm | 2.03 (1.95, 2.11) | NA | |
| Temporal cortical thickness, mm | 2.65 (2.55, 2.74) | NA | |
| Frontal cortical thickness, mm | 2.30 (2.22, 2.37) | NA | |
| Occipital cortical thickness, mm | 1.75 (1.69, 1.81) | NA | |
| AD signature cortical thickness, mm | 2.77 (2.67, 2.85) | NA |
MeDi, Mediterranean diet total score; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; BMI, body mass index; FFQ, food frequency; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range. Data are based on participants with non-missing data only. P-values are based on the chi-square test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables.
Number of vascular conditions (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, and stroke).
Depressive symptoms were assessed from the Beck Depression Inventory II.
Composite global cognitive score based on memory, executive function, language and visuospatial skills domain z scores.
Time between completion of food frequency questionnaire and MRI imaging.
Median (25th, 75th percentile)