Table 2.
Association of scaled dietary foods and vitamins with cortical thickness in regions of interest*
| Model 1† | Model 2‡ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary measures | Cortical thickness | Beta | 95% CI | p | Beta | 95% CI | p | ||
| Positive associations | |||||||||
| Vegetables§ | Dorsolateral prefrontal | .011 | .001, | .021 | .027 | .013 | .003, | .023 | .012 |
| Superior parietal | .013 | .002, | .024 | .021 | .014 | .003, | .025 | .015 | |
| Cereal/grain | Temporal pole | .020 | −.000, | .041 | .055 | .024 | .004, | .045 | .021 |
| Superior temporal | .009 | −.002, | .020 | .117 | .011 | .001, | .022 | .037 | |
| Red meat | Entorhinal | .032 | .007, | .058 | .013 | .036 | .011, | .061 | .006 |
| Omega 3 fatty acid | Superior temporal | .013 | .001, | .024 | .029 | .013 | .002, | .024 | .026 |
| Linolenic | Superior temporal | .013 | .001, | .024 | .027 | .013 | .002, | .025 | .019 |
| Linoleic acid | Superior temporal | .014 | .003, | .026 | .015 | .014 | .003, | .026 | .013 |
| Precuneus | .011 | .001, | .021 | .027 | .012 | .001, | .022 | .025 | |
| Middle temporal | .012 | .001, | .023 | .032 | .012 | .001, | .023 | .034 | |
| Parietal | .009 | .000, | .018 | .05 | .009 | −.000, | .018 | .050 | |
| Vitamin B1 | Superior temporal | .013 | .002, | .025 | .019 | .014 | .003, | .025 | .016 |
| Temporal pole | .021 | −.000, | .042 | .054 | .024 | .002, | .045 | .030 | |
| Vitamin B2 | Superior temporal | .011 | −.000, | .022 | .05 | .012 | .001, | .023 | .032 |
| Temporal pole | .023 | .002, | .044 | .034 | .027 | .006, | .048 | .013 | |
| Vitamin B6 | Superior temporal | .014 | .003, | .025 | .010 | .013 | .003, | .024 | .016 |
| Middle temporal | .011 | .001, | .022 | .037 | .011 | .001, | .021 | .037 | |
| Folate | Superior temporal | .012 | .001, | .023 | .026 | .012 | .001, | .023 | .036 |
| B carotene | Dorsolateral prefrontal | .010 | −.000, | .020 | .052 | .011 | .001, | .021 | .033 |
| Temporal pole | .020 | −.001, | .041 | .058 | .022 | .001, | .043 | .044 | |
| Negative associations | |||||||||
| Red meat | Inferior temporal | −.012 | −.023, | −.001 | .037 | −.010 | −.021, | .001 | .074 |
| Superior temporal | −.012 | −.023, | −.000 | .042 | −.010 | −.021, | .001 | .073 | |
| % carbohydrates | Entorhinal | −.034 | −.059, | −.009 | .008 | −.035 | −.060, | −.010 | .006 |
| % sugar | Entorhinal | −.034 | −.059, | −.009 | .007 | −.036 | −.061, | −.011 | .005 |
Associations of MeDi components, %macronutrients, and vitamins with cortical thickness measures. Dietary measures were log or square root transformed where necessary, and standardized.
Model 1 is adjusted for age, sex, education, body mass index and total energy intake.
Model 2 is additionally adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, vascular risk factors (coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia), stroke, and depressive symptoms.
Vegetables excluding legumes was associated with larger dorsolateral prefrontal (beta, .013; p = .014), middle temporal (beta, .012; p = .028), superior parietal (beta, .011; p = .048) cortical thickness; models were adjusted for variables in Model 2.