Table 2.
Intervention arm: demographic and outcome differences by usage pattern (n=898).
| Demographics | Super user, n (%) |
Medium user, n (%) |
Consistent tracker, n (%) |
Almost consistent or inconsistent tracker, n (%) |
Nonuser, n (%) |
|
| No. of participants | 138 (15.4) | 89 (9.9) | 181 (20.2) | 275 (30.6) | 215 (23.9) | |
| Income (P <.001) | ||||||
| Low income | 29 (21.0) | 32 (36.0) | 52 (28.7) | 118 (42.9) | 95 (44.2) | |
| Not low income | 109 (79.0) | 57 (64.0) | 129 (71.3) | 157 (57.1) | 120 (55.8) | |
| BMIa at screening (P=.04) | ||||||
| Normal range BMI | 79 (57.3) | 50 (56.2) | 106 (58.6) | 152 (55.3) | 110 (51.2) | |
| Overweight BMI | 34 (24.6) | 30 (33.7) | 56 (30.9) | 90 (32.7) | 59 (27.4) | |
| Obese BMI | 25 (18.1) | 9 (10.1) | 19 (10.5) | 33 (12.0) | 46 (21.4) | |
| Strata (P <.001) | ||||||
| Normal weight and lower income | 10 (7.2) | 17 (19.1) | 30 (16.6) | 62 (22.5) | 60 (27.9) | |
| Normal weight and higher income | 69 (50.0) | 32 (36.0) | 77 (42.5) | 91 (33.1) | 50 (23.3) | |
| Overweight or obese and lower income | 19 (13.8) | 15 (16.9) | 22 (12.2) | 56 (20.4) | 60 (27.9) | |
| Overweight or obese and higher income | 40 (29.0) | 25 (28.1) | 52 (28.7) | 66 (24.0) | 45 (20.9) | |
| Race (P<.001) | ||||||
| Black | 6 (4.3) | 14 (15.7) | 21 (11.6) | 54 (19.6) | 87 (40.5) | |
| White | 118 (85.5) | 64 (71.9) | 138 (76.2) | 180 (65.5) | 92 (42.8) | |
| Other | 14 (10.2) | 11 (12.4) | 22 (12.2) | 41 (14.9) | 36 (16.7) | |
| Hispanic (P=.08) | ||||||
| Yes | 13 (9.4) | 5 (5.6) | 20 (11.0) | 33 (12.0) | 35 (16.3) | |
| No | 125 (90.6) | 84 (94.4) | 161 (89.0) | 242 (88.0) | 180 (83.7) | |
| Relation group (P<.001) | ||||||
| Single | 33 (23.9) | 32 (36.0) | 59 (32.8) | 124 (45.4) | 131 (61.8) | |
| Ever married | 105 (76.1) | 57 (64.0) | 121 (67.2) | 149 (54.6) | 81 (38.2) | |
| Parity (P=.73) | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 71 (51.5) | 46 (51.7) | 79 (43.6) | 127 (46.2) | 93 (43.5) | |
| Primiparous | 45 (32.6) | 25 (28.1) | 65 (35.9) | 88 (32.0) | 75 (35.0) | |
| Multiparous | 22 (15.9) | 18 (20.2) | 37 (20.4) | 60 (21.8) | 46 (21.5) | |
| Age categories, years (P <.001) | ||||||
| 18 to 24 | 18 (13.0) | 19 (21.3) | 34 (18.8) | 80 (29.1) | 87 (40.5) | |
| 25 to 30 | 41 (29.7) | 31 (34.8) | 67 (37.0) | 93 (33.8) | 67 (31.2) | |
| >30 | 79 (57.3) | 39 (43.8) | 80 (44.2) | 102 (37.1) | 61 (28.4) | |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Total GWGb (P=.03, n=781) | ||||||
| Exceeded recommended amount | 59 (45.0) | 39 (48.1) | 64 (40.3) | 132 (56.2) | 70 (40.0) | |
| Did not exceed recommended amount | 72 (55.0) | 42 (51.9) | 95 (59.7) | 103 (43.8) | 105 (60.0 | |
| Rate of GWG (P=.09, n=795) | ||||||
| Exceeded recommended rate | 82 (62.6) | 59 (71.1) | 98 (59.4) | 176 (73.0) | 114 (65.1) | |
| Did not exceed recommended rate | 49 (37.4) | 24 (28.9) | 67 (40.6) | 65 (27.0) | 61 (34.9) | |
| GWG, kg (P=.03)c, mean (SD) | 13.66 (4.59) | 14.37 (5.22) | 13.59 (5.33) | 14.87 (5.85) | 13.29 (5.88) | |
aBMI: body mass index.
bGWG: gestational weight gain.
cAnalysis of variance test results shown; all other P values provided in the table are chi-square P values.