Table 2. Serum Markers in Lung Cancer and Controls in the Training Set.
| Marker | Control/Casea | Median | Range | Pb | Adjusted effect (95% CI)c | AUC (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGF | Control | 336.86 | 40.13–1187.06 | |||
| (pg/mL) | Healthy | 247.60 | 40.13–972.90 | |||
| Benign | 419.67 | 43.25–1187.06 | ||||
| LC | 571.70 | 40.75–1716.30 | 0.001 | 0.238 (0.140–0,336)* | 0.698 (0.615–0.773) | |
| sCD26 | Control | 471.50 | 122.00–1092.00 | |||
| (ng/mL) | Healthy | 509.00 | 237.00–886.00 | |||
| Benign | 431.50 | 122.00–1092.00 | ||||
| LC | 356.00 | 136.00–1192.00 | 0.001 | −0.097 (−0.148–−0.047)* | 0.711 (0.629–0.785) | |
| CAL | Control | 127.87 | 7.56–421.23 | |||
| (ng/mL) | Healthy | 105.47 | 7.56–362.29 | |||
| Benign | 158.13 | 33.13–421.23 | ||||
| LC | 221.21 | 48.33–438.32 | 0.001 | 0.263 (0.190–0.336)* | 0.759 (0.679-0.827) | |
| MMP-1 | Control | 5459.61 | 1186.61–23960.37 | |||
| (pg/mL) | Healthy | 4664.94 | 1186.61–23635.33 | |||
| Benign | 6420.51 | 1207.70–23960.37 | ||||
| LC | 7133.87 | 1450.34–41668.33 | 0.047 | 0.089 (−0.008–0.187) | 0.597 (0.511-0.679) | |
| MMP-7 | Control | 21761.35 | 5026.14–79977.27 | |||
| (pg/mL) | Healthy | 21237.20 | 10383.69–60968.91 | |||
| Benign | 22286.74 | 5026.14–79977.27 | ||||
| LC | 26710.65 | 5383.18–79809.13 | 0.013 | 0.020 (−0.040–0.081) | 0.624 (0.539-0.705) | |
| MMP-9 | Control | 177.60 | 52.79–3611.59 | |||
| (ng/mL) | Healthy | 177.19 | 52.79–743.25 | |||
| Benign | 181.74 | 57.41–3611.59 | ||||
| LC | 311.86 | 21.06–1914.00 | 0.001 | 0.270 (0.167–0.373)* | 0.729 (0.648–0.801) | |
| CEA | Control | 837.26 | 170.84–4070.71 | |||
| (pg/mL) | Healthy | 929.50 | 171.03–4070.71 | |||
| Benign | 559.51 | 170.84–2828.15 | ||||
| LC | 2051.64 | 141.16–136039.19 | 0.001 | 0.494 (0.333–0.656)* | 0.744 (0.663–0.814) | |
| CYFRA 21.1 | Control | 227.05 | 0.00–19314.33 | |||
| (pg/mL) | Healthy | 0.00 | 0.00–16592.63 | |||
| Benign | 1052.47 | 0.00–19314.33 | ||||
| LC | 3007.09 | 0.00–173410.17 | 0.001 | 1.080 (0.587–1.573)* | 0.734 (0.653–0.805) |
Abbreviations: LC = Lung Cancer.
aSample size in training set: Control n = 72 (Healthy n = 36, Benign n = 36), LC n = 68.
bMann-Whitney U test for comparison between the cancer and control group corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg method to control familywise error under multiple comparisons.
cAdjusted effects and 95% confidence intervals of the case/control status on each of the log-transformed markers considered as outcome in lineal regression model adjusted for gender, age and smoking. *P-value < 0.001.