Table 3. Distribution of Serum Markers in Lung Cancer by Histology and Stage and Comparison with Controls in the Training Set.
| Marker | Control/Casea | Median | Range | Pb | Adjusted effect (95% CI)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGF | Control | 336.86 | 40.13–1187.06 | ||
| (pg/mL) | NSCLC | 601.97 | 144.23–1176.15 | 0.002 | 0.277 (0.168–0.386)* |
| Early (I + II) | 785.28 | 388.23–1159.73 | 0.002 | 0.409 (0.236–0.581)* | |
| Late (III + IV) | 528.51 | 144.23–1176.15 | 0.002 | 0.231 (0.109–0.354)* | |
| SCLC | 295.48 | 40.75–1716.30 | 0.798 | −0.039 (−0.293–0.216) | |
| Limited | 55.97 | 40.75–201.63 | — | ||
| Extended | 440.64 | 264.30–1716.30 | — | ||
| sCD26 | Control | 471.50 | 122.00–1092.00 | ||
| (ng/mL) | NSCLC | 356.00 | 136.00–945.00 | 0.002 | −0.095 (−0.153– −0.038)* |
| Early (I + II) | 432.00 | 206.00–640.00 | 0.235 | -0.032 (−0.114–0.049) | |
| Late (III + IV) | 341.00 | 136.00–945.00 | 0.002 | −0.116 (−0.179– −0.054)* | |
| SCLC | 294.00 | 208.00–1092.00 | 0.040 | −0.073 (−0.184–0.037) | |
| Limited | 370.00 | 339.00–1192.00 | — | ||
| Extended | 288.00 | 208.00–541.00 | — | ||
| CAL | Control | 127.87 | 7.56–421.23 | ||
| (ng/mL) | NSCLC | 221.06 | 87.19–438.32 | 0.002 | 0.250 (0.160–0.341)* |
| Early (I + II) | 193.72 | 120.73–340.67 | 0.017 | 0.188 (0.033–0.343)* | |
| Late (III + IV) | 238.59 | 87.19–438.32 | 0.002 | 0.275 (0.172–0.378)* | |
| SCLC | 245.69 | 48.33–422.20 | 0.112 | 0.203 (−0.014–0.419) | |
| Limited | 97.32 | 91.06–422.20 | — | ||
| Extended | 279.34 | 48.33–355.19 | — | ||
| MMP-1 | Control | 5459.61 | 1186.61–23960.37 | ||
| (pg/mL) | NSCLC | 7132.52 | 1450.34–41668.33 | 0.093 | 0.071 (−0.049–0.192) |
| Early (I + II) | 7800.42 | 1784.41–30180.33 | 0.235 | 0.087 (-0.106-0.279) | |
| Late (III + IV) | 7132.52 | 1450.34–41668.33 | 0.131 | 0.066 (−0.065–0.198) | |
| SCLC | 7135.23 | 2220.44–18900.42 | 0.279 | 0.083 (−0.158–0.323) | |
| Limited | 7135.23 | 4890.35–18900.42 | — | ||
| Extended | 8114.52 | 2220.44–14246.29 | — | ||
| MMP-7 | Control | 21761.35 | 5026.14–79977.27 | ||
| (pg/mL) | NSCLC | 26485.45 | 5383.18–79809.13 | 0.048 | 0.021 (−0.052–0.095) |
| Early (I + II) | 24615.56 | 8551.00–51000.43 | 0.726 | −0.031 (−0.136–0.074) | |
| Late (III + IV) | 26680.26 | 5383.18–79809.13 | 0.023 | 0.039 (−0.041–0.118) | |
| SCLC | 28177.70 | 8231.19–43429.13 | 0.056 | 0.052 (−0.082–0.186) | |
| Limited | 26874.44 | 26710.65–40252.39 | — | ||
| Extended | 30110.14 | 8231.19–43429.13 | — | ||
| MMP-9 | Control | 177.60 | 52.79–3611.59 | ||
| (ng/mL) | NSCLC | 340.19 | 21.06–1914.00 | 0.002 | 0.257 (0.135–0.379)* |
| Early (I + II) | 379.94 | 174.70–1688.00 | 0.002 | 0.285 (0.101–0.470)* | |
| Late (III + IV) | 299.65 | 21.06–1914.00 | 0.002 | 0.244 (0.106–0.382)* | |
| SCLC | 225.61 | 65.58–786.34 | 0.798 | 0.013 (−0.235–0.262) | |
| Limited | 115.93 | 65.58–253.19 | — | ||
| Extended | 298.21 | 76.78–786.34 | — | ||
| CEA | Control | 837.26 | 170.84–4070.71 | ||
| (pg/mL) | NSCLC | 1783.93 | 141.16–136039.19 | 0.002 | 0.467 (0.266–0.668)* |
| Early (I + II) | 1093.08 | 353.26–21684.85 | 0.140 | 0.154 (−0.050–0.358) | |
| Late (III + IV) | 2750.49 | 141.16–136039.19 | 0.002 | 0.567 (0.348–0.787)* | |
| SCLC | 3704.96 | 1147.58–82300.26 | 0.002 | 0.818 (0.541–1.094)* | |
| Limited | 2092.47 | 1147.58–82300.26 | — | ||
| Extended | 3884.15 | 1667.40–29844.72 | — | ||
| CYFRA 21.1 | Control | 227.05 | 0.00–19314.33 | ||
| (pg/mL) | NSCLC | 2910.66 | 0.00–173410.17 | 0.002 | 0.939 (0.348–1.531)* |
| Early (I + II) | 1181.22 | 0.00–7309.16 | 0.104 | 0.503 (−0.382–1.387) | |
| Late (III + IV) | 4791.34 | 0.00–173410.17 | 0.002 | 1.105 (0.459–1.752)* | |
| SCLC | 5886.75 | 0.00–12228.10 | 0.012 | 1.285 (0.154–2.415)* | |
| Limited | 1754.30 | 219.64–6610.22 | — | ||
| Extended | 5965.40 | 0.00-12228.10 | — |
Abbreviations: NSCLC = Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, SCLC = Small Cell Lung Cancer.
aSample size in training set: Control n = 72, NSCLC n = 59 (Early stage n = 16, Late stage n = 43), SCLC n = 9 (Limited stage n = 3, Extended stage n = 6).
bMann-Whitney U test for comparison between the control groups and lung cancer stratified by histology and stage corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg method to control familywise error under multiple comparisons.
cAdjusted effects and 95% confidence intervals of histology and stage on each of the log-transformed markers considered as outcome in lineal regression model adjusted for gender, age and smoking. *P-value statistically significant.