Figure 2. ApoA-IV improves insulin sensitivity in KKAy diabetic mice.

Two-hour fasted KKAy mice (n = 4 per group) were treated with insulin (1 U/kg) following pretreatment with r-m-ApoA-IV (A-IV + Ins group) or saline (Ins group) for 1 h, or they received saline following the r-m-ApoA-IV pretreatment (A-IV group). Blood was collected from each mouse at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 h after insulin treatment to determine (A) relative blood glucose (0‒9 h) and (B) serum insulin levels (0‒6 h). The overall comparison of the datasets was performed using two-way ANOVA (P₁ for A-IV vs. Ins; P₂ for A-IV vs. A-IV + Ins), which was followed by the comparison of individual time points between two groups using the Bonferroni test (a indicates P < 0.05 for A-IV vs. Ins; b indicates P < 0.05 for A-IV vs. A-IV + Ins). The glucose and insulin levels at each time point were compared to 0 h for each group using one-way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett test (* indicates P < 0.05 for each group based on colour).