Fig. 1.

Mechanical stimuli used to examine signaling proteins in HaCaT cells migration. a Image of an in-house developed static stretch device by applying mechanical stimuli via a stretchable silicone membrane to the cells. b Schematic of cell migration under tensile stress on silicone membrane at a typical 20% strain. HaCaT and HF cells were seeded in two separated regions, and the migration distance L (away from HF cells) or L’ (towards HF cells) and the migration leading edge of HaCaT cells were illustrated