Table 1.
Baseline characteristics: overall and by 6-year vital status
| Factor | Total | Survivor | Non-Survivor | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 268 | 148 | 120 | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 72 (57, 82) | 63 (43, 75) | 80 (71, 86) | <0.001 | |
| Gender, n (%) | Male | 159 (59.3%) | 78 (52.7%) | 81 (67.5%) | 0.014 |
| Female | 109 (40.7%) | 70 (47.3%) | 39 (32.5%) | ||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current Smoker, n (%) | Non-smoker | 193 (72.0%) | 96 (64.9%) | 97 (80.8%) | 0.004 |
| Smoker | 75 (28.0%) | 52 (35.1%) | 23 (19.2%) | ||
| Ever-Smoker, n (%) | Never-smoker | 169 (63.1%) | 86 (58.1%) | 83 (69.2%) | 0.062 |
| Ever-smoker | 99 (36.9%) | 62 (41.9%) | 37 (30.8%) | ||
| Comorbiditesa | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 49 (18.3%) | 12 (8.1%) | 37 (30.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 33 (12.3%) | 6 (4.1%) | 27 (22.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 26 (9.7%) | 7 (4.7%) | 19 (15.8%) | 0.002 | |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 15 (5.6%) | 4 (2.7%) | 11 (9.2%) | 0.022 | |
| Chronic renal failure | 64 (23.9%) | 19 (12.8%) | 45 (37.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 41 (15.3%) | 17 (11.5%) | 24 (20.0%) | 0.054 | |
| Tumor | 32 (11.9%) | 9 (6.1%) | 23 (19.2%) | 0.001 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 70 (26.1%) | 32 (21.6%) | 38 (31.7%) | 0.063 | |
| Vital signs | |||||
| Fever, n (%) | 174 (65.2%) | 111 (75.0%) | 63 (52.9%) | <0.001 | |
| Chills, n (%) | 85 (36.0%) | 59 (43.7%) | 26 (25.7%) | 0.004 | |
| Pulse, median (IQR) | 94 (82, 106) | 94 (83, 108) | 94 (80, 104) | 0.21 | |
| Temperature, median (IQR) | 38.0 (37.1, 38.8) | 38.2 (37.3, 39.0) | 37.8 (37.0, 38.8) | 0.084 | |
| Systolic BP in mmHg, median (IQR) | 130 (118, 146) | 132 (120, 146) | 130 (110, 148) | 0.12 | |
| Severity scores | |||||
| PSI | 1, 2 | 72 (26.9%) | 65 (43.9%) | 7 (5.9%) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 55 (20.5%) | 36 (24.3%) | 19 (15.8%) | ||
| 4, 5 | 141 (52.7%) | 47 (31.7%) | 94 (78.4%) | ||
| qSOFA score | 0 | 116 (43.3%) | 78 (52.7%) | 38 (31.7%) | <0.001 |
| 1 | 127 (47.4%) | 67 (45.3%) | 60 (50.0%) | ||
| 2, 3 | 25 (9.4%) | 3 (2.0%) | 22 (18.3%) | ||
| Metabolite concentrations (μM) | |||||
| Arginine | 42.8 (28.6, 63.2) | 43.3 (28.2, 64.3) | 41.3 (29.6, 62.2) | 0.97 | |
| ADMA | 0.56 (0.42, 0.73) | 0.48 (0.38, 0.67) | 0.62 (0.47, 0.83) | <0.001 | |
| SDMA | 0.85 (0.56, 1.15) | 0.78 (0.52, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.63, 1.38) | <0.001 | |
| Arginine/ADMA Ratio | 76.18 (54.08, 113.50) | 85.11 (62.39, 116.58) | 66.52 (48.51, 106.77) | 0.004 |
Bolded p values are statistically significant at p < 0.05
Abbreviations: ADMA asymmetric dimethylarginine, BP blood pressure, PSI pneumonia severity index, qSOFA quick sepsis related organ failure assessment (sepsis risk score), SDMA symmetric dimethylarginine
aComorbidities were identified based on medical records, patient report, or both