Table 1.

Branched chain amino acids and immune function

Amino acid	Regulation of immune function
BCAA Mix	● ↑ fuel sources for immune cells ● ↑ immune function of neutrophils and lymphocytes ● ↑ CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ ● ↑ intestinal immunoglobulins
Isoleucine	● ↑ excretion of β-defensin
Leucine	● ↑ regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses ● ↑ pro-inflammatory cytokines ↓ anti-inflammatory cytokines
Valine	● ↑ dendritic cell function ● ↑ pro-inflammatory cytokines ↓ anti-inflammatory cytokines