Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of low (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) men following the control (C) and high‐fat, high‐calorie (O) diets
| NBW | LBW | LBW versus NBW | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 25) | (n = 18) | (n = 18, n = 25) | |||||||
| C (mean ± SD) | O (mean ± SD) | P NBW | C (mean ± SD) | O (mean ± SD) | P LBW | P C | P O | P Δ | |
| Anthropometry | |||||||||
| Birth weight (g) | 3901 ± 207 | — | — | 2717 ± 268 | — | — | ≤0.001 | — | — |
| Weight (kg) | 78.4 ± 9.3 | 78.6 ± 9.7 | n.s. | 77.1 ± 11.3 | 77.1 ± 11.4 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Height (m) | 1.83 ± 0.07 | — | — | 1.77 ± 0.05 | — | — | ≤0.05 | — | — |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 2.4 | 23.3 ± 2.5 | n.s. | 24.6 ± 3.8 | 24.6 ± 3.8 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Clamp | |||||||||
| Basal | |||||||||
| B‐Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.59 ± 0.47 | 5.05 ± 0.40 | ≤0.001 | 4.97 ± 0.48 | 5.18 ± 0.34 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.01 | n.s. | n.s. |
| S‐Insulin (pmol/L) | 30.2 ± 14.7 | 43.4 ± 29.2 | ≤0.05 | 41.7 ± 14.6 | 44.7 ± 21.9 | n.s. | ≤0.01 | n.s. | n.s. |
| P‐NEFA (μmol/L) | 334 ± 136 | 205 ± 82 | ≤0.001 | 406 ± 200 | 188 ± 91 | ≤0.001 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| P‐Acetylcarnitine (μmol/L) | 4.771 ± 0.797 | 3.985 ± 0.738 | ≤0.01 | 5.985 ± 1.587 | 4.393 ± 0.784 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.01 | n.s. | n.s. |
| HGP (mg/kg·FFM/min) | 2.21 ± 0.48 | 2.85 ± 0.99 | ≤0.01 | 2.40 ± 0.5 | 2.48 ± 0.5 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | ≤0.05 |
| Hepatic IR (mg/kg·FFM/min·pmol/L) | 68.7 ± 34.1 | 113.7 ± 61.5 | ≤0.001 | 102.3 ± 50.8 | 108.7 ± 55.5 | n.s. | ≤0.05 | n.s. | ≤0.05 |
| Insulin‐stimulated | |||||||||
| P‐NEFA (μmol/L) | 9.29 ± 4.39 | 12.42 ± 6.43 | ≤0.01 | 9.56 ± 5.03 | 14.39 ± 7.76 | ≤0.01 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| M‐value (mg/kg·FFM/min) | 13.73 ± 2.32 | 13.29 ± 3.32 | n.s. | 13.47 ± 3.14 | 11.89 ± 3.57 | ≤0.05 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| IVGTT | |||||||||
| FPIR (pmol/L) | 1894 ± 1431 | 2604 ± 1793 | ≤0.001 | 2135 ± 1034 | 2750 ± 1509 | ≤0.01 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Hepatic DI | 0.38 ± 0.63 | 0.25 ± 0.21 | n.s. | 0.21 ± 0.11 | 0.24 ± 0.13 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| Peripheral DI | 0.29 ± 0.19 | 0.35 ± 0.20 | ≤0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.13 | 0.32 ± 0.17 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. P‐values from Student's t‐test are presented unadjusted for multiple comparisons, and P ≤ 0.05 are considered statistically significant. P NBW and P LBW: O versus C diet within each birth weight group, P C and P O: LBW versus NBW individuals within each diet, P Δ: LBW versus NBW individuals on response values. n.s.: Not significant. P ≤ 0.05 are marked in bold.
Abbreviations: B, blood; DI, disposition index; FFM, fat‐free mass; FPIR, first‐phase insulin response; HGP, hepatic glucose production; IR, insulin resistance; IVGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; P, plasma; S, serum.