Table 2.
Temperatures, vasoactive support, End-tidal CO2 and minute ventilation
| Stage | Control Group (n = 11) |
Humigard Group (n = 11) |
Difference | Confidence interval (95%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Ambient Temp (°C) | 21.1 ± 0.1 | 21.1 ± 0.1 | 0.01 ± 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.3 | 0.95 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 35.9 ± 0.1 | 35.8 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | −0.6 to 0.4 | 0.73 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.9 ± 0.1 | 36.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | −0.4 to 0.6 | 0.75 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 0 (0,0) | 0 (0,0) | - | - | 0.99 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37.6 ± 03.59 | 38.4 ± 4.50 | −0.8 ± 1.9 | −4.4 to 2.8 | 0.65 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 32.0 ± 2.4 | 30.9 ± 1.8 | −1.1 ± 3.0 | −7.4 to 5.2 | 0.72 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 0.20 ± 0.4 | −0.7 to 1.1 | 0.64 | |
| 1 + 60 min | Ambient Temp (°C) | 21.2 ± 0.1 | 21.3 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | −0.3 to 0.4 | 0.73 |
| PAC Temp(°C) | 35.8 ± 0.2 | 35.7 ± 0.2 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | −0.7 to 0.5 | 0.69 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.8 ± 0.2 | 35.8 ± 0.2 | −0.0 ± 0.3 | −0.5 to 0.5 | 0.91 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 1 (0,2) | 0.5 (0,2) | - | - | 0.90 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37.9 ± 4.2 | 37.4 ± 6.8 | 0.5 ± 2.5 | −4.5 to 5.5 | 0.83 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 32.1 ± 1.8 | 31.0 ± 1.3 | −1.1 ± 2.2 | −5.7 to 3.5 | 0.62 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | −0.2 ± 0.6 | −1.3 to 1.0 | 0.73 | |
| 2 + 30 min | Ambient Temp (°C) | 22.6 ± 0.4 | 22.5 ± 0.3 | −0.12 ± 0.5 | −1.1 to 0.8 | 0.80 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 35.6 ± 0.3 | 36.2 ± 0.2 | 0.60 ± 0.3 | −0.1 to 1.3 | 0.09 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.6 ± 0.23 | 36.4 ± 0.2 | 0.78 ± 0.3 | 0.2 to 1.4 | 0.02 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 5 (0,9) | 1 (0,7) | - | - | 0.23 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 33.0 ± 3.5 | 36.1 ± 5.8 | −3.1 ± 2.1 | −7.4 to 1.2 | 0.15 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 27.8 ± 1.2 | 30.1 ± 1.3 | 2.32 ± 1.8 | −1.3 to 6.0 | 0.20 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 0.01 ± 0.6 | −1.2 to 1.2 | 0.98 | |
| 3 − 5 min | Ambient Temp (°C) | 22.5 ± 0.53 | 22.6 ± 0.39 | 0.1 ± 0.7 | −1.3 to 1.5 | 0.89 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 35.5 ± 0.2 | 35.9 ± 0.16 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | −0.2 to 1.0 | 0.14 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.4 ± 0.2 | 36.0 ± 0.13 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.1 to 1.2 | 0.03 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 5 (0,9) | 4 (1,10) | - | - | 0.96 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 33.5 ± 2.9 | 36.4 ± 5.5 | −2.9 ± 2.0 | −6.8 to 1.1 | 0.14 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 28.0 ± 1.2 | 28.9 ± 1.08 | 1.1 ± 1.6 | −2.2 to 4.5 | 0.48 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.48 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | −1.2 to 1.3 | 0.93 | |
| 3 + 5 min | Ambient Temp (°C) | 22.5 ± 0.5 | 22.6 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | −1.3 to 1.4 | 0.89 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 35.1 ± 0.28 | 34.9 ± 0.21 | −0.3 ± 0.4 | −1.0 to 0.5 | 0.46 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.0 ± 0.22 | 34.7 ± 0.23 | −0.3 ± 0.3 | −0.9 to 0.4 | 0.41 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 8 (5,15) | 10 (6,15) | - | - | 0.76 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 35.9 ± 3.9 | 38.3 ± 4.5 | −2.4 ± 1.9 | −6.2 to 1.4 | 0.20 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 30.1 ± 1.10 | 29.5 ± 1.00 | −0.6 ± 1.5 | −3.7 to 2.5 | 0.67 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 6.3 ± 0.34 | 7.3 ± 0.42 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | −0.2 to 2.1 | 0.08 | |
| 3 + 60 min | Ambient Temp (°C | 23.0 ± 0.6 | 22.9 ± 0.5 | −0.1 ± 0.76 | −1.7 to 1.5 | 0.88 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 35.7 ± 0.2 | 35.8 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.24 | −0.4 to 0.6 | 0.59 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 35.7 ± 0.2 | 35.8 ± 0.2 | 0.1 ± 0.22 | −0.4 to 0.5 | 0.77 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 5 (3,10) | 6 (5,9) | - | - | 0.52 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 35.2 ± 4.2 | 36.4 ± 4.0 | −1.2 ± 1.9 | −4.9 to 2.4 | 0.49 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 31.0 ± 1.9 | 29.9 ± 1.3 | −1.1 ± 1.72 | −4.7 to 2.5 | 0.53 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 7.14 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.57 | −0.8 to 1.6 | 0.46 | |
| Closure | Ambient Temp (°C | 23.2 ± 0.6 | 22.8 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 0.7 | −1.8 to 1.0 | 0.56 |
| PAC Temp (°C) | 36.3 ± 0.1 | 36.8 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | −0.1 to 0.1 | 0.09 | |
| NPP Temp (°C) | 36.1 ± 0.1 | 36.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.0 to 1.0 | 0.04 | |
| Norad (ug/min) | 4 (1,7) | 4 (3,6) | - | - | 0.80 | |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 35.6 ± 1.7 | 34.6 ± 2.9 | 0.9 ± 2.1 | −1.2 to 3.1 | 0.37 | |
| ETCO2 (mmHg) | 31.3 ± 1.2 | 29.0 ± 1.1 | −2.3 ± 1.6 | −5.6 to 1.1 | 0.17 | |
| Min Vent (L/min) | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.3 | 0.0 ± 0.6 | −1.2 to 1.2 | 0.97 |
Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)
Temp temperature, PAC pulmonary artery catheter, NPP nasopharyngeal probe, Norad noradrenalin, ET CO 2 end tidal carbon dioxide, Min Vent minute ventilation