Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

1. All patients with suspected carcinoma of the urinary bladder were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

1. Pregnancy

2. Patients with prior lower abdominal surgery

3. Patients who have undergone TURBT, TURP, any prior bladder surgery or have received intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy

4. Patients with recent myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cardiac insufficiency, severe cardiac arrhythmia or a right–left cardiac shunt

5. Patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome or COPD

6. Patients with a history of severe contrast allergy or any known drug allergy

7. Morbidly obese patients (BMI >40)