Figure 4.

(A) Task structure from the fMRI experiment in Ref. 145. In the congruent condition, sequentially presented words formed sentences where the target word was highly predictable (e.g., “two plus two is four”). In the incongruent condition, a strong contextual prediction was violated by an incongruent terminal word (e.g., “two plus two is apple.”). In the scrambled condition, the initial four words did not establish a context for a grammatical sentence (e.g., “fast in clock plane”), and thus the target word was not predictable (e.g., “through”). (B) Cerebellar activations related to predictability. (C and D) Cerebellar activations related to prediction error. Adapted, with permission, from Ref. 145.