Table 2.
Crude ORs and multivariate-adjusted ORs for cognitive deterioration and for WML
| Group 1 | Group 2 |
Group 3 |
Group 4 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Cognitive deterioration: non-sex-specific serum UA quartiles | |||||||
| Single-variable analysis | 1 (reference) | 1.50 (0.60–3.94) | 0.39 | 2.31 (0.91–6.11) | 0.07 | 5.99 (2.56–15.2) | <0.0001 |
| Multivariate analyses | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.77 (0.68–4.81) | 0.24 | 2.20 (0.79–6.33) | 0.13 | 7.05 (2.46–21.9) | 0.0002 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.95 (0.73–5.42) | 0.18 | 2.17 (0.73–6.67) | 0.16 | 8.20 (2.51–29.2) | 0.0004 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 2.32 (0.84–6.86) | 0.11 | 2.39 (0.78–7.65) | 0.13 | 9.40 (2.73–35.8) | 0.0003 |
| Cognitive deterioration: sex-specific serum UA quartiles | |||||||
| Single-variable analysis | 1 (reference) | 0.66 (0.24–1.76) | 0.41 | 2.02 (0.87–4.86) | 0.1 | 5.15 (2.22–12.7) | 0.0001 |
| Multivariate analyses | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.53 (0.18–1.46) | 0.22 | 2.10 (0.86–5.37) | 0.1 | 4.04 (1.64–10.5) | 0.0023 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.55 (0.19–1.55) | 0.26 | 2.49 (0.96–6.73) | 0.060 | 5.46 (1.88–16.9) | 0.0016 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.58 (0.19–1.70) | 0.32 | 2.83 (1.05–8.09) | 0.040 | 6.04 (1.99–19.8) | 0.0013 |
| WML: non-sex-specific serum UA quartiles | |||||||
| Single-variable analysis | 1 (reference) | 0.31 (0.04–1.39) | 0.13 | 2.06 (0.69–6.59) | 0.2 | 0.92 (0.25–3.22) | 0.89 |
| Multivariate analyses | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.34 (0.05–1.63) | 0.19 | 2.00 (0.57–7.36) | 0.28 | 1.12 (0.23–5.23) | 0.88 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.42 (0.05–2.23) | 0.32 | 2.45 (0.56–11.5) | 0.23 | 1.44 (0.22–9.64) | 0.7 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.43 (0.06–2.29) | 0.33 | 2.46 (0.55–11.9) | 0.24 | 1.57 (0.22–11.4) | 0.65 |
| WML: sex-specific serum UA quartiles | |||||||
| Single-variable analysis | 1 (reference) | 0.95 (0.25–3.58) | 0.93 | 0.96 (0.25–3.65) | 0.96 | 1.81 (0.54–6.51) | 0.34 |
| Multivariate analyses | |||||||
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.85 (0.21–3.38) | 0.81 | 0.87 (0.21–3.55) | 0.84 | 1.08 (0.29–4.26) | 0.91 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.93 (0.22–4.02) | 0.92 | 1.11 (0.23–5.25) | 0.89 | 0.97 (0.20–4.85) | 0.97 |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.96 (0.22–4.27) | 0.95 | 1.05 (0.21–5.08) | 0.95 | 1.02 (0.20–5.24) | 0.98 |
All participants were divided into quartiles using common cutoff values (group 1 [n = 61]: <4.7 mg/dL, group 2 [n = 63]: 4.7–5.4 mg/dL, group 3 [n = 49]: 5.5–6.2 mg/dL, and group 4 [n = 55]: <6.2 mg/dL). Male and female participants were divided into quartiles using different cutoff values, which were calculated separately by sex (group 1 [n = 59]: male <5.5 mg/dL and female <4.2 mg/dL, group 2 [n = 61]: male 5.5–6.2 mg/dL and female 4.2–4.8 mg/dL, group 3 [n = 60]: male: 6.3–6.9 mg/dL and female 4.9–5.4 mg/dL, and group 4 [n = 48]: male >6.9 mg/dL and female >5.4 mg/dL). In the single-variable analysis, the diagnosis of cognitive deterioration/normal was regressed only onto serum UA levels and crude ORs are presented. In multivariate analyzes, the following variables were added and multivariate-adjusted ORs are presented: model 1: age, sex, BMI, and education, model 2: variables in model 1 plus systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol levels, eGFR, and the presence of WML (for cognitive deterioration/non-sex-specific serum UA quartiles and cognitive deterioration/sex-specific serum UA quartiles only), model 3: variables in model 2 plus alcohol, smoking, and exercise. OR, odds ratio; WML, white matter lesions; CI, confidence interval; UA, uric acid; WML, white matter lesion.