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Causes of hyperchloremic acidosis
| Renal | Defect in H+ secretion: distal RTA, type 1 Defect in HCO3– reabsorption: proximal RTA, type 2 Aldosterone deficiency or resistance: hyperkalemic RTA, type 4 |
| Urinary loss of organic anion: ketoacidosis, toluene intoxication | |
| Nonrenal | HCO3 loss from gastrointestinal tract: diarrhea, pancreatic fistula, urinary diversions |
| Administration of chloride-rich fluids: NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2, Arg-HCl, Lys-HCl | |
