Fig. 4.

Standard 2-D echocardiographic views of the heart. SSNA view of (a) coarcted aorta and (b) normal aorta (right). The SSNA view can be used to diagnose CoA definitively since in this view the narrowing of the aorta can be observed. A rectangle has been overlaid to indicate the region where the coarctation occured for this case. PSLAX view of the heart having (c) coarcted aorta and (d) normal aorta (right). The AC4 view of a heart having (e) coarcted aorta and (f) normal aorta. Aortic coarctation cannot be unambiguously determined from the latter two views, since, in these views the aortic arch cannot be seen. However, secondary effects of coarctation such as wall thickening might be viewed and these can lead to a suspicion of a diseased condition of the heart.