. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 24.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar 31;215(3):366.e1–366.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.036

TABLE 2.

Maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus induces heart defects in developing embryos

Group	Dams, n	Glucose level, mmol/L	Date	Hearts, n	VSD rate (%)	PTA rate (%)
Ctrl 1	5	5.8 ± 0.46	E17.5	47	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
DM	7	9.3 ± 0.31^a	E17.5	46	6 (13.0)^a	2 (3.7)^a
Ctrl 2	5	6.9 ± 0.35	E17.5	44	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Ctrl 1, control group fed normal diet; Ctrl 2, control group fed 60% high-fat diet during pregnancy; DM, group fed high-fat diet; PTA, persistent truncus arteriosus; VSD, ventricular septal defect.

Significant differences compared with other 2 groups as analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey (blood glucose levels) or χ² (VSD and PTA rates) test.

Wu et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus induces congenital heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016.