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Autophagy is required for PLD1-regulated cell growth in low glucose medium. (a) Western blot of ATG5 knockdown by shRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells. (b) The knockdown of ATG5 by shRNA suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells right after culturing them in low glucose medium. PLD1i treatment did not aggravate the effect of autophagy inhibition by ATG5 shRNA. Luciferase shRNA (shLuc) was used as a negative control; n=3. ***P<0.001
