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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 20.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2017 Jan 20;120(2):407–417. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309307

Figure 2. Exosomes mediated intercellular communication in heart.

Figure 2

Exosomes facilitate communication amongst cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the infarcted area of the heart. Exosomes transfer signaling molecules, such as miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins to confer paracrine effects on the neighboring cells. In addition, pathological and physiological influence on the heart stimulates exosome secretion. Therefore, cardiac exosomes under pathological conditions could be utilized as ideal markers for diagnostic tools in the clinic.