Table 3. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype in primary HPMCs.

Function	Target	mRNA change (% versus young)	Protein change (% versus young)
Cell cycle transition	Cyclin A1	23±5*	n.m.
	Cyclin D1	145±12*	n.m.
	Cyclin E	162±3*	n.m.
	PCNA	22±6*	n.m.
	p16(INK4a)	333±21*	n.m.
Angiogenesis	CXCL1	211±22*	432±31*
	CXCL8	166±13*	186±12*
	CXCL12	199±33*	99±4
	FGF2	181±3*	103±9
	FGFBP1	141±16*	n.m.
	HIF-1	366±44*	n.m.
	VEGF	183±11*	211±22*
Inflammation	CCL2	321±16*	176±14*
	IL-6	511±99*	154±8*
	ICAM-1	222±31*	421±65*
	IL-6R	178±22*	106±9
ECM synthesis and remodeling	CTGF	133±6*	n.m.
	Fibronectin	254±21*	216±31*
	MMP-3	211±11*	317±23*
	TGF-β1	131±4*	264±11*
	TIMP-1	102±8	103±10
	TIMP-2	98±6	111±18
	TSP-1	421±13*	144±11*
	PAI-1	186±21*	241±13*
	t-PA	176±12*	n.m.
	u-PA	554±65*	188±34*

The results derive from experiments performed with HPMC cultures established from 8 (mRNA) and 22 (protein) different patients and are expressed as the percentage of values recorded for young HPMCs (means±S.D.). The calculation of relative change in mRNA was standardized to the GAPDH housekeeping gene. The asterisks indicate significant differences as compared with young HPMCs. n.m. – not measured