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. 2016 Dec 1;7(12):e2494. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2016.393

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Copyright © 2016 The Author(s)

Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Inhibition of pMAPK is necessary for cAMP-mediated apoptosis. (a) Western blotting showing the effect of Fsk–IBMX treatment on pMAPK expression. (b) AnnexinV-positive cells showing the extent of apoptosis triggered by combinations of Fsk–IBMX and U0126 in GBM cell lines T98G, U118, A172 and U373 (n>4). Top right in each panel shows BIM expression in GBM cells treated with Fsk–IBMX and/or U0126. Lower right graph in each panel shows the effect of Fsk–IBMX and/or U0126 on cell number over 4 days (n=2). Error bars are S.E.M.