Glutamine reverses radiosensitivity of PA200-knockdown cells. A, glutamine levels in the supernatant of untransfected HeLa cells after 5-Gy IR were determined using a BioProfile FLEX instrument (Nova Biomedical). Glutamine consumed was calculated as (initial glutamine level before IR–remaining glutamine level 48 hours after IR)/million cells. B–E, HeLa cells transfected with control (Ctrl) or PA200-specific siRNA were incubated for 48 hours and assessed for diminished PA200 protein levels by Western blot analysis. Control (Ctrl) is HSP70 (constitutively expressed in HeLa cells; B). Transfected cells were also exposed to 0, 2, or 5 Gy IR followed by incubation at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 13 days (C) or 7 days (E). One group of cells (D) was also supplemented on day 7 with 2 mmol/L glutamine (Gln) and colony formation assessed on day 13 post-IR exposure. A representative figure of at least 3 independent experiments is shown for each panel.