Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population
| Baseline Characteristic | Study Sample (N=3,819) |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Demographic and Clinical Variables | |
|
| |
| Age, year | 61±10 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 1,774 (47) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Caucasian | 1,485 (39) |
| African American | 976 (26) |
| Hispanic | 859 (23) |
| Chinese | 499 (13) |
| Education level, n (%) | |
| Less than high school | 636 (16) |
| High school/GED | 690 (18) |
| Less than college (more than high school) | 1,100 (29) |
| Bachelor degree | 685 (18) |
| Graduate degree | 708 (19) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.9±5.0 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Never | 2,017 (53) |
| Former | 1,343 (35) |
| Current | 459 (12) |
| Smoking pack-years | 10.7±23.0 |
| Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, ml* | 2413±732 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 432 (11) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1,616 (42) |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| RAAS inhibitor | 632 (17) |
| β-blocker | 352 (9) |
| Anti-arrhythmic | 21 (<1) |
|
| |
| Cardiac Structure and Function | |
|
| |
| Right Ventricle | |
| End-diastolic mass, grams | 21±5 |
| End-diastolic volume, mL | 124±31 |
| End-systolic volume, mL | 37±14 |
| Ejection Fraction, % | 71±6 |
| Left Ventricle | |
| End-diastolic mass, grams | 144±38 |
| End-diastolic volume, mL | 126±31 |
| End-systolic volume, mL | 39±15 |
| Ejection Fraction, % | 70±7 |
*
Assessed in a subset of the study population (n=2,540). GED, general education development test; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system