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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Dec 21;1864(3):572–579. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.020

Figure 2. Pharmacological strategies to reduce muscle wasting and fibrosis in dystrophic muscles.

Figure 2

TGFβ and myostatin cascades and their intersection with muscle wasting and fibrosis. A number of investigational drugs are currently being tested for reducing both signaling pathways. Glucocorticoid steroids, currently used in DMD treatment, have opposite effects on TGFβ and myostatin activation.