Table 2.

Prevalence ratios for frailty associated with eGFRcr, eGFRcys, and ACR.

	Unadjusted prevalence: % Frail (No. Frail/Total No.)	PR (95% CI)
		Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
eGFRcr category
≥60	5.3% (186/3,512)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
45–<60	8.5% (86/1,012)	1.35* (1.05, 1.74)	1.34* (1.04, 1.71)	1.16 (0.90, 1.49)
30–<45	12.7% (47/369)	1.86*** (1.35, 2.55)	1.84*** (1.34, 2.52)	1.23 (0.89, 1.70)
<30	23.4% (22/94)	3.40*** (2.21, 5.21)	3.34*** (2.17, 5.12)	1.83** (1.18, 2.84)
P for trend		p<0.001	p<0.001	p=0.02
eGFRcys category
≥60	3.1% (77/2,507)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
45–<60	7.9% (110/1,386)	2.17*** (1.62, 2.90)	2.10*** (1.57, 2.82)	1.85*** (1.38, 2.47)
30–<45	12.3% (103/838)	3.08*** (2.29, 4.15)	2.98*** (2.21, 4.02)	2.19*** (1.62, 2.97)
<30	19.9% (51/256)	4.76*** (3.31, 6.83)	4.62*** (3.21, 6.63)	2.59*** (1.75, 3.85)
P for trend		p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
ACR
<30	5.5% (217/3,981)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
30–<300	11.6% (100/865)	1.83*** (1.44, 2.31)	1.80*** (1.42, 2.27)	1.53*** (1.21, 1.95)
≥300	17.0% (24/141)	2.75*** (1.82, 4.15)	2.78*** (1.84, 4.19)	1.95** (1.28, 2.97)
P for trend		p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001

^*p≤0.05;

^**p≤0.01;

^***p≤0.001

Note: eGFRs expressed in mL/min/1.73 m² and ACRs in mg/g. Model 1: eGFR or ACR + Demographics (age, sex, race-center, education); Model 2: Model 1 + Health behaviors (smoking status, alcohol consumption); Model 3: Model 2 + Comorbidities (body mass index, systolic blood pressure, anemia [hemoglobin], inflammation [c-reactive protein], cardiovascular disease [history of coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, stroke], diabetes, hypertension medications use, statin medication use) and either urine ACR (log-transformed) or eGFR.

ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; CI, confidence interval; eGFRcr, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFRcys, cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate; PR, prevalence ratio