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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Nov 24;171:70–83. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.021

Table 4.

Adjusted Relative Risk Ratios from Multivariable Multinomial Logistic Regression of Latent Marijuana Class Membership on Covariates: Base Class = Non-Users

Non-users Early YA YA Persistent Early YA YA Persistent
Moderate Users Moderate Users Moderate Users Heavy Users Heavy Users Heavy Users
[Base Class] ARR p ARR p ARR p ARR p ARR p ARR p
Gender (referent=female)
    Male 0.84 0.068 0.66 <0.001 1.01 0.954 1.57 0.001 2.06 <0.001 1.53 0.003
Race/ethnicity (referent=White)
    Black 1.22 0.257 1.33 0.129 1.74 0.021 1.12 0.755 1.29 0.333 1.67 0.085
    Hispanic 1.31 0.353 0.91 0.794 1.01 0.982 0.97 0.947 1.27 0.618 1.07 0.923
    Other 0.81 0.345 0.92 0.767 0.71 0.349 0.45 0.049 0.90 0.702 0.83 0.531
Parental education (referent=no college)
    Some college 1.15 0.134 1.26 0.030 1.53 0.002 1.84 <0.001 1.83 <0.001 2.18 <0.001
Religious commitment at age 18 (referent=high)
    Medium 1.83 <0.001 1.65 <0.001 1.71 0.001 2.87 <0.001 2.89 <0.001 2.49 <0.001
    Low 2.31 <0.001 1.94 <0.001 2.52 <0.001 3.58 <0.001 4.04 <0.001 4.42 <0.001
Binge drinking at age 18 (referent=none)
    Any 3.71 <0.001 2.64 <0.001 5.31 <0.001 5.46 <0.001 6.81 <0.001 4.93 <0.001
Cigarette smoking at age 18 (referent=none)
    Any 3.15 <0.001 1.95 <0.001 4.11 <0.001 6.63 <0.001 4.86 <0.001 4.45 <0.001
Ever married between ages 19/20 to 29/30 (referent=no)
    Yes 1.16 0.153 0.55 <0.001 0.48 <0.001 0.66 0.004 0.58 <0.001 0.48 <0.001
Ever graduate from college between ages 19/20 to 29/30 (referent=no)
    Yes 1.34 0.003 1.34 0.008 1.25 0.129 0.87 0.357 0.82 0.221 0.92 0.557
Income from welfare/unemployment between ages 35 to 45 (referent=none)
    Any 1.21 0.134 1.58 0.001 2.35 <0.001 0.85 0.439 2.38 <0.001 2.17 <0.001
Alcohol use from ages 35 to 45 (past 30 days)
    Average frequency 1.57 <0.001 1.82 <0.001 2.04 <0.001 1.57 <0.001 1.93 <0.001 2.11 <0.001
Cigarette use from ages 35 to 45 (past 30 days)
    Average frequency 1.02 0.028 1.04 0.001 1.04 0.001 1.02 0.052 1.04 <0.001 1.08 <0.001

Notes: N (unweighted) = 9,831. YA = young adult. ARR = Adjusted relative risk ratio; obtained from models simultaneously including past 12-month marijuana use latent class membership as well as gender, race/ethnicity, parental education, religious commitment, age 18 binge drinking and cigarette use, marriage, college graduation, ages 35-45 income from welfare/unemployment, ages 35-45 cigarette use frequency, ages 35-45 alcohol use frequency, and cohort. Missing data on covariates were addressed by imputing means (for continuous measures) together with the use of missing data indicators (results for missing indicators not shown). Bold font indicates significant (p<.01) estimates.