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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016 Nov 24;171:31–38. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.026

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of persons who reported lifetime use of heroin, cocaine, inhalants/hallucinogens, marijuana, and no lifetime use of substances: 1991 National Health Interview Surveya

Heroin Cocaine, no
heroin
Inhalants or
hallucinogen
s, no cocaine
or heroin
Marijuana
use, no
other drugs
No
substance
use

n=271
%b (SE)
n=2659
% (SE)
n=890
% (SE)
n=5679
% (SE)
n=10999
% (SE)
Age at interview
    18–24 10.3 (1.8) 16.0 (0.9) 29.1 (1.9) 20.2 (0.7) 23.5 (0.8)
    25–34 41.9 (3.4) 56.5 (1.1) 34.1 (1.8) 45.5 (0.7) 37.9 (0.6)
    35–44 47.8 (3.3) 27.5 (1.1) 36.8 (1.7) 34.2 (0.7) 38.6 (0.6)
Sex
    Male 68.6 (2.8) 56.2 (1.0) 54.2 (1.6) 45.3 (0.7) 38.9 (0.6)
    Female 31.4 (2.8) 43.8 (1.0) 45.8 (1.6) 54.7 (0.7) 61.1 (0.6)
Race/ethnicityc
    Hispanic 8.9 (2.2) 7.0 (0.6) 8.1 (1.0) 6.4 (0.4) 12.4 (0.6)
    Non-Hispanic Black 14.4 (2.8) 6.8 (0.6) 8.4 (1.2) 11.7 (0.3) 15.0 (0.7)
    Non-Hispanic white 76.7 (2.8) 86.2 (0.8) 83.6 (1.3) 81.9 (0.7) 72.5 (0.8)
Marital status
    Married 46.3 (3.3) 49.4 (1.0) 48.3 (1.9) 56.2 (0.8) 56.4 (0.8)
    Never married 32.0 (3.6) 35.2 (1.1) 40.0 (2.0) 28.5 (0.8) 31.4 (0.8)
    Divorced/separated/widowed 21.7 (2.7) 15.5 (0.7) 11.7 (1.1) 15.3 (0.5) 12.1 (0.4)
Household income
    Less than $20,000/year 39.5 (2.9) 32.9 (1.1) 37.7 (2.0) 31.7 (0.8) 35.9 (0.8)
    ≥ $20,000/year 60.5 (2.9) 67.1 (1.1) 62.3 (2.0) 68.3 (0.8) 64.1 (0.8)
Education
    Less than high school diploma 22.5 (2.9) 10.2 (0.6) 10.4 (1.0) 11.1 (0.4) 14.2 (0.5)
    High school diploma 33.6 (2.9) 34.9 (0.9) 36.0 (1.8) 37.4 (0.8) 38.0 (0.6)
    More than high school 43.9 (3.2) 54.9 (1.0) 53.6 (1.9) 51.6 (0.8) 47.7 (0.7)
Negative mood
    Low negative mood 24.7 (2.6) 27.5 (1.7) 27.5 (1.7) 33.7 (0.8) 41.7 (0.9)
    Moderate negative mood 46.4 (3.1) 58.4 (3.1) 58.2 (1.9) 54.9 (0.8) 49.4 (0.8)
    High negative mood 19.0 (2.6) 13.6 (0.7) 14.3 (1.3) 11.5 (0.5) 8.9 (0.4)
Self-rated health
    Very good/excellent 61.9 (3.2) 75.6 (0.9) 72.1 (1.5) 74.6 (0.6) 72.3 (0.5)
    Good 27.9 (2.9) 18.7 (0.7) 22.8 (1.4) 19.9 (0.6) 21.5 (0.5)
    Fair/poor 10.2 (1.8) 5.7 (0.5) 5.1 (0.9) 5.5 (0.3) 6.2 (0.3)
Cigarette smoking status
    Current 65.2 (2.8) 46.0 (1.0) 40.6 (1.8) 36.2 (0.7) 20.8 (0.5)
    Former 22.5 (2.5) 24.9 (0.8) 18.9 (1.3) 19.7 (0.6) 11.2 (0.4)
    Never 12.2 (2.0) 29.1 (1.0) 40.5 (1.8) 44.2 (0.8) 68.0 (0.6)
Episodic heavy alcohol use status
    No drinks in past 12 months 24.5 (3.3) 10.2 (0.6) 15.1 (1.3) 12.5 (0.5) 33.4 (0.7)
    Had a drink in past 12 months, but
never ≥5 drinks/day
24.7 (2.9) 29.8 (1.0) 36.6 (1.7) 46.3 (0.8) 46.9 (0.6)
    ≥5 drinks/day < once a month 32.4 (3.5) 45.9 (1.0) 36.4 (1.7) 31.3 (0.7) 14.5 (0.4)
    ≥5 drinks/day once a month or
more
18.4 (2.6) 14.1 (0.6) 11.9 (1.2) 9.9 (0.5) 5.1 (0.2)
Physical activity (daily kcal
expenditure)
52.0 (3.6) 46.9 (1.0) 49.1 (2.0) 50.7 (0.8) 57.2 (0.7)
    Sedentary (<1.5 kcal) 14.7 (2.2) 18.4 (0.8) 15.7 (1.4) 18.6 (0.5) 16.2 (0.4)
    Moderately active (1.5 to <3 kcal) 33.3 (3.8) 34.7 (0.9) 35.2 (1.9) 30.6 (0.7) 26.6 (0.6)
    Very active (≥3 kcal)
BMI
    Underweight (<18.5) 2.2 (0.8) 4.0 (0.4) 3.8 (0.7) 3.9 (0.3) 4.0 (0.2)
    Normal weight (18.5 to <25) 48.3 (3.1) 58.6 (1.0) 54.4 (1.8) 53.9 (0.7) 52.1 (0.6)
    Overweight (25 to <30) 34.4 (2.9) 27.0 (0.9) 29.1 (1.7) 29.1 (0.6) 28.9 (0.8)
    Obese (≥30) 15.1 (2.6) 10.4 (0.6) 12.7 (1.2) 13.1 (0.4) 15.1 (0.4)
Time since last routine check-up
    <1 year ago 43.0 (3.2) 40.8 (1.2) 43.2 (1.9) 45.6 (0.8) 47.9 (0.7)
    1–3 years ago 33.3 (2.5) 35.6 (1.0) 36. 7 (1.8) 36.2 (0.7) 35.0 (0.6)
    ≥4 years ago or never 23.7 (3.1) 23.6 (0.9) 20.1 (1.5) 18.2 (0.6) 17.1 (0.5)
Has health insurance
    No 29.5 (3.1) 19.2 (0.9) 18.7 (1.5) 14.5 (0.5) 17.0 (0.4)
    Yes 70.5 (3.1) 80.8 (0.9) 81.3 (1.5) 85.5 (0.5) 83.0 (0.4)
Usual place of care
    No 32.1 (3.0) 30.2 (1.1) 24.3 (1.6) 23.6 (0.7) 23.0 (0.5)
    Yes 67.9 (3.0) 69.8 (1.1) 75.7 (1.6) 76.4 (0.7) 77.0 (0.5)

Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; kcal=kilocalories; SE=standard error

a

All cross-tabulations, using the chi-square statistic, comparing each category of drug use to non-use were significant at p<0.01.

b

All percentages were weighted.

c

The “other” category for race/ethnicity could not be displayed in this table due to small numbers in some of the drug use categories.