Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of persons who reported lifetime use of heroin, cocaine, inhalants/hallucinogens, marijuana, and no lifetime use of substances: 1991 National Health Interview Surveya
| Heroin | Cocaine, no heroin |
Inhalants or hallucinogen s, no cocaine or heroin |
Marijuana use, no other drugs |
No substance use |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=271 %b (SE) |
n=2659 % (SE) |
n=890 % (SE) |
n=5679 % (SE) |
n=10999 % (SE) |
|
| Age at interview | |||||
| 18–24 | 10.3 (1.8) | 16.0 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.9) | 20.2 (0.7) | 23.5 (0.8) |
| 25–34 | 41.9 (3.4) | 56.5 (1.1) | 34.1 (1.8) | 45.5 (0.7) | 37.9 (0.6) |
| 35–44 | 47.8 (3.3) | 27.5 (1.1) | 36.8 (1.7) | 34.2 (0.7) | 38.6 (0.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 68.6 (2.8) | 56.2 (1.0) | 54.2 (1.6) | 45.3 (0.7) | 38.9 (0.6) |
| Female | 31.4 (2.8) | 43.8 (1.0) | 45.8 (1.6) | 54.7 (0.7) | 61.1 (0.6) |
| Race/ethnicityc | |||||
| Hispanic | 8.9 (2.2) | 7.0 (0.6) | 8.1 (1.0) | 6.4 (0.4) | 12.4 (0.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 14.4 (2.8) | 6.8 (0.6) | 8.4 (1.2) | 11.7 (0.3) | 15.0 (0.7) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 76.7 (2.8) | 86.2 (0.8) | 83.6 (1.3) | 81.9 (0.7) | 72.5 (0.8) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 46.3 (3.3) | 49.4 (1.0) | 48.3 (1.9) | 56.2 (0.8) | 56.4 (0.8) |
| Never married | 32.0 (3.6) | 35.2 (1.1) | 40.0 (2.0) | 28.5 (0.8) | 31.4 (0.8) |
| Divorced/separated/widowed | 21.7 (2.7) | 15.5 (0.7) | 11.7 (1.1) | 15.3 (0.5) | 12.1 (0.4) |
| Household income | |||||
| Less than $20,000/year | 39.5 (2.9) | 32.9 (1.1) | 37.7 (2.0) | 31.7 (0.8) | 35.9 (0.8) |
| ≥ $20,000/year | 60.5 (2.9) | 67.1 (1.1) | 62.3 (2.0) | 68.3 (0.8) | 64.1 (0.8) |
| Education | |||||
| Less than high school diploma | 22.5 (2.9) | 10.2 (0.6) | 10.4 (1.0) | 11.1 (0.4) | 14.2 (0.5) |
| High school diploma | 33.6 (2.9) | 34.9 (0.9) | 36.0 (1.8) | 37.4 (0.8) | 38.0 (0.6) |
| More than high school | 43.9 (3.2) | 54.9 (1.0) | 53.6 (1.9) | 51.6 (0.8) | 47.7 (0.7) |
| Negative mood | |||||
| Low negative mood | 24.7 (2.6) | 27.5 (1.7) | 27.5 (1.7) | 33.7 (0.8) | 41.7 (0.9) |
| Moderate negative mood | 46.4 (3.1) | 58.4 (3.1) | 58.2 (1.9) | 54.9 (0.8) | 49.4 (0.8) |
| High negative mood | 19.0 (2.6) | 13.6 (0.7) | 14.3 (1.3) | 11.5 (0.5) | 8.9 (0.4) |
| Self-rated health | |||||
| Very good/excellent | 61.9 (3.2) | 75.6 (0.9) | 72.1 (1.5) | 74.6 (0.6) | 72.3 (0.5) |
| Good | 27.9 (2.9) | 18.7 (0.7) | 22.8 (1.4) | 19.9 (0.6) | 21.5 (0.5) |
| Fair/poor | 10.2 (1.8) | 5.7 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.9) | 5.5 (0.3) | 6.2 (0.3) |
| Cigarette smoking status | |||||
| Current | 65.2 (2.8) | 46.0 (1.0) | 40.6 (1.8) | 36.2 (0.7) | 20.8 (0.5) |
| Former | 22.5 (2.5) | 24.9 (0.8) | 18.9 (1.3) | 19.7 (0.6) | 11.2 (0.4) |
| Never | 12.2 (2.0) | 29.1 (1.0) | 40.5 (1.8) | 44.2 (0.8) | 68.0 (0.6) |
| Episodic heavy alcohol use status | |||||
| No drinks in past 12 months | 24.5 (3.3) | 10.2 (0.6) | 15.1 (1.3) | 12.5 (0.5) | 33.4 (0.7) |
| Had a drink in past 12 months, but never ≥5 drinks/day |
24.7 (2.9) | 29.8 (1.0) | 36.6 (1.7) | 46.3 (0.8) | 46.9 (0.6) |
| ≥5 drinks/day < once a month | 32.4 (3.5) | 45.9 (1.0) | 36.4 (1.7) | 31.3 (0.7) | 14.5 (0.4) |
| ≥5 drinks/day once a month or more |
18.4 (2.6) | 14.1 (0.6) | 11.9 (1.2) | 9.9 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.2) |
| Physical activity (daily kcal expenditure) |
52.0 (3.6) | 46.9 (1.0) | 49.1 (2.0) | 50.7 (0.8) | 57.2 (0.7) |
| Sedentary (<1.5 kcal) | 14.7 (2.2) | 18.4 (0.8) | 15.7 (1.4) | 18.6 (0.5) | 16.2 (0.4) |
| Moderately active (1.5 to <3 kcal) | 33.3 (3.8) | 34.7 (0.9) | 35.2 (1.9) | 30.6 (0.7) | 26.6 (0.6) |
| Very active (≥3 kcal) | |||||
| BMI | |||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2.2 (0.8) | 4.0 (0.4) | 3.8 (0.7) | 3.9 (0.3) | 4.0 (0.2) |
| Normal weight (18.5 to <25) | 48.3 (3.1) | 58.6 (1.0) | 54.4 (1.8) | 53.9 (0.7) | 52.1 (0.6) |
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 34.4 (2.9) | 27.0 (0.9) | 29.1 (1.7) | 29.1 (0.6) | 28.9 (0.8) |
| Obese (≥30) | 15.1 (2.6) | 10.4 (0.6) | 12.7 (1.2) | 13.1 (0.4) | 15.1 (0.4) |
| Time since last routine check-up | |||||
| <1 year ago | 43.0 (3.2) | 40.8 (1.2) | 43.2 (1.9) | 45.6 (0.8) | 47.9 (0.7) |
| 1–3 years ago | 33.3 (2.5) | 35.6 (1.0) | 36. 7 (1.8) | 36.2 (0.7) | 35.0 (0.6) |
| ≥4 years ago or never | 23.7 (3.1) | 23.6 (0.9) | 20.1 (1.5) | 18.2 (0.6) | 17.1 (0.5) |
| Has health insurance | |||||
| No | 29.5 (3.1) | 19.2 (0.9) | 18.7 (1.5) | 14.5 (0.5) | 17.0 (0.4) |
| Yes | 70.5 (3.1) | 80.8 (0.9) | 81.3 (1.5) | 85.5 (0.5) | 83.0 (0.4) |
| Usual place of care | |||||
| No | 32.1 (3.0) | 30.2 (1.1) | 24.3 (1.6) | 23.6 (0.7) | 23.0 (0.5) |
| Yes | 67.9 (3.0) | 69.8 (1.1) | 75.7 (1.6) | 76.4 (0.7) | 77.0 (0.5) |
Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; kcal=kilocalories; SE=standard error
a
All cross-tabulations, using the chi-square statistic, comparing each category of drug use to non-use were significant at p<0.01.
b
All percentages were weighted.
c
The “other” category for race/ethnicity could not be displayed in this table due to small numbers in some of the drug use categories.