Figure 1.
Odds ratio of coronary artery calcium scores (CAC score ≥100) by coffee, tea and caffeine consumption.
The curves represent the adjusted OR of CAC scores ≥100 Agatston unit) and coffee/tea/caffeine consumption. The reference values (diamond dots) were set at 0 drink per day. The dose response association was estimated by using a linear and a cubic spline term for coffee/tea consumption in the multivariable logistic regression.
The model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking (never, former, current), physical activity, total fat, alcohol consumption, fruits quartiles, vegetables quartiles, red meat quartiles, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, use of antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medication, anti-diabetic medication, BMI, family history of CHD, diabetes, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.
For daily caffeine consumption, curves represent adjusted odds ratio (solid line) and their 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines) based on restricted cubic splines for caffeine intake among all participants with knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th and 95th percentiles of their sample distributions (corresponding to 0.5, 59, 161, 626 mg). The reference values (diamond dots) were set at 10th percentile (5 mg).