Table 3.

Impact of smoking status (current smokers vs. current nonsmoker) on risk of miscarriage or stillbirth among Women's Interagency HIV Study participants, 1994–2014.

Analysis 1: total WIHS	Risk difference (%)	95% confidence limits (%)
Crude	23.6	17.1–30.0
Adjusteda	15.1	8.4–21.9
Sensitivity analysesb
Adjusted, reduced modelb	15.8	9.3–22.4
1.1 Subjects with smoking history	19.1	11.4–26.8
1.2 Subjects with smoking history and control for previous pregnancy loss	18.8	11.2–26.4
1.3 First pregnancy	15.6	4.9–26.2
1.4 Pregnancies on or after
1 January 1998	12.6	5.1–20.1
1 January 2002	14.4	5.9–23.0
1.5 Controlling for bacterial vaginosis	14.1	7.7–20.5

All models account for repeated outcomes within women. WIHS, Women's Interagency HIV Study.

^aFully adjusted models controlled for HIV status, age, socioeconomic status (employment, race, income), BMI, depression, recent use of intravenous drugs, marijuana, and alcohol. Modeling details given in text.

^bSensitivity analyses relied on a reduced model for convergence. The main reduced adjusted model controlled for HIV status, depression, recent use of marijuana and alcohol.