Table 1.

Clinical and Demographic Characteristics

Patient Characteristics		Benign (n=2,147, %)	MBO (n=86, %)	P value
Age, y, mean ± SD		63.9 ±16.7	65.2 ±12.8	0.455
Sex	Male	811 (37.8)	44 (51.2)	0.012
	Female	1336 (62.2)	42 (48.8)
Race	Non-Hispanic White	1651 (76.9)	63 (73.3)	0.433
	Other	496 (23.1)	23 (26.7)
ASA Class				0.001
I/II		629 (29.3)	10 (11.6)
III		1182 (55.1)	54 (62.8)
IV/V		336 (15.6)	22 (25.6)
Comorbidity Index				0.002
0		406 (18.9)	13 (15.1)
1		611 (28.5)	12 (14.0)
2+		1130 (52.6)	61 (70.9)
Hypertension		1229 (57.2)	47 (54.7)	0.634
Dyspnea		226 (10.5)	14 (16.3)	0.091
COPD		300 (14.0)	18 (20.9)	0.070
Ascites		101 (4.7)	15 (17.4)	<0.001
Cirrhosis		15 (0.7)	2 (2.3)	0.089
Diabetes		295 (13.7)	14 (16.3)	0.504
Deep Vein Thrombosis		167 (7.8)	17 (19.8)	<0.001
HIV		6 (0.3)	3 (3.5)	<0.001
Urinary Tract Infection		63 (2.9)	6 (7.0)	0.034
Pre-operative Sepsis		187 (8.7)	12 (14.0)	0.094
Chronic Immunosuppression		140 (6.5)	12 (15.1)	0.002
Laboratory Values
Hematocrit				0.001
	>30	1950 (90.8)	68 (79.1)
	24-30	172 (8.0)	15 (17.4)
	<24	25 (1.2)	3 (3.5)
Albumin				<0.001
	≥ 3.5	1059 (49.3)	32 (37.2)
	<3.5	698 (32.5)	46 (53.5)
	Unknown	390 (18.2)	8 (9.3)

Note: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Other variables tested but not statistically significant: congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease, smoking, ventilator use, pneumonia, dialysis, bleeding disorder, white blood cell count and lactate level.