Table 9.

Evaluation of auditory-verbal STM tests, listed alphabetically by test type.

Test	Validity					Reliability			Measurement error
	Construct	Content/Face	Concurrent	Predictive	Discriminant	Test-retest	Split-half	Inter-rater
FriGvi – Digit Span pointing	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Digit Span, matching	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span short words	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span long words	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span phonological similarity	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Non-word span	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span recognition	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span – probe	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
FriGvi – Word Span matching order	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
Picture Span (DeDe et al., 2014)	Excellent	Poor	Fair	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
Picture Span (Kay et al., 1992)	Fair	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Poor	No	Poor
Revised Token Test	Poor	Poor	Poor	No	No	Poor	Poor	Yes	Poor
a CAT Digit Span	Excellent	Poor	Poor	Yes	Yes	Fair	Poor	Yes	Poor
a WAIS-III Digit Span	Excellent	Excellent	Fair	Yes	Yes	Fair	Poor	Yes	Excellent
a WAIS-R Digit Span	Excellent	Poor	Fair	Yes	Yes	Fair	Poor	No	Excellent
a WMS-R Digit Span	Excellent	Poor	Poor	No	Yes	Poor	Fair	No	Excellent

^athe same ratings apply for both forward and backward versions of these tests; Rey (1964) unobtainable.

CAT = Comprehensive Aphasia Test; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd Edition; ; WMS-R = Wechsler Memory Scale – Revised.