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Exogenous AI-2 increases virulence of S. pneumoniae. Mice were challenged i.n. with 107 CFU of D39, D39ΔluxS, or D39luxS+ with i.n. administration of 10 μl of PBS with or without 1 μg of AI-2 at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h postchallenge. Bacterial loads in the nasopharynx (A), blood (B), and lungs (C) were determined at 24 h. Log-transformed data were analyzed by Student’s unpaired (two-tailed) t test: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
