Table 1.
General characteristics of cross-sectional study participants and abdominal adipose tissue measurements (ntotal = 280).
| Measurements | Control (no fatty kidney) n = 199 (F/M; 96/103) | Fatty kidney n = 81 (F/M; 44/37) | Age and gender adjusted p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Age, yearsa | 38.00 (34.00, 40.25) | 38.00 (35.00, 40.00) | 0.116 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.02 (23.98, 30.89) | 30.86 (26.86, 33.35) | 0.005 |
| WC, cm | 92.00 (82.00, 101.00) | 100.00 (89.00, 105.00) | 0.322 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 120.00 (110.00, 125.00) | 120.00 (115.00, 129.00) | 0.136 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 75.00 (70.00, 85.00) | 80.00 (75.00, 85.00) | 0.110 |
| Adipose tissue measurements | |||
| RP, cm3 | 27.56 (13.33, 54.86) | 52.37 (31.89, 84.53) | 0.175 |
| IP, cm3 | 89.81 (40.94, 168.23) | 171.61 (92.50, 253.49) | 0.204 |
| SC, cm3 | 175.41 (111.55, 309.66) | 249.26 (144.34, 340.68) | 0.731 |
| RSRight, cm3 | 0.39 (0.10, 0.95) | 2.72 (1.83, 4.89) | < 0.001 |
| Right RSRatio | 0.0026 (0.0007, 0.0061) | 0.0165 (0.0102, 0.0288) | < 0.001 |
| RSLeft, cm3 | 1.42 (0.57, 2.56) | 5.20 (4.28, 7.47) | < 0.001 |
| Left RS Ratio | 0.0084 (0.0035, 0.0148) | 0.0329 (0.0258, 0.0464) | < 0.001 |
| Kidney biochemical parameters | |||
| sKIM-1, pg/ml | 110.10 (52.21, 235.14) | 178.26 (115.25, 304.26) | < 0.05 |
| FGF21, pg/ml | 106.92 (66.59, 189.40) | 204.26 (76.89, 404.26) | < 0.05 |
| eGFREPI cyst&crea, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 144.25 (108.37, 121.66) | 110.39 (105.25, 119.04) | 0.202 |
| Cystatin C, mg/lb | 0.69 (0.61, 0.77) | 0.74 (0.63, 0.81) | 0.200 |
| Creatinine, μmol/lb | 0.76 (0.68, 0.87) | 0.80 (0.74, 0.96) | 0.251 |
| Glucose and lipid profile | |||
| Glucose, mmol/l | 5.00 (4.77, 5.35) | 5.10 (4.80, 5.37) | 0.171 |
| TG, mmol/l | 1.06 (0.78, 1.51) | 1.47 (0.88, 1.94) | < 0.05 |
| HDLC, mmol/l | 1.52 (1.29, 1.77) | 1.43 (1.09, 1.72) | 0.190 |
| LDLC, mmol/l | 3.27 (2.79, 3.95) | 2.93 (2.44, 3.78) | 0.017 |
| Inflammatory cytokine levels | |||
| IL-6, pg/ml | 1.41 (1.09, 1.77) | 1.21 (0.89, 1.52) | 0.275 |
| TNFα, pg/ml | 2.32 (1.69, 3.74) | 2.41 (1.94, 3.44) | 0.343 |
Data are presented as median (25th, 75 percentile) (age and gender adjusted p values calculated by binary logistic regression). BMI - body mass index; WC - Waist circumference; SBP - systolic blood pressure; DBP - diastolic blood pressure; SC – subcutaneous adipose tissue; IP – intraperitoneal adipose tissue; RP – retroperitoneal adipose tissue; RS – renal sinus adipose tissue; RSRatio - ratio of RS adipose tissue volume to corresponding total kidney size; sKIM-1 – serum kidney injury molecule-1; FGF-21 – fibroblast growth factor – 21; eGFREPI cyst&crea – estimated glomerular filtration rate; TG – triglycerides; HDLC – high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLC - low density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-6 – interleukin 6; TNFα - tumor necrosis factor alpha. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05.
Data show the gender adjusted p value.
Serum cystatin and creatinine were used to estimate GFR.