Table 4. Between-study comparison of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) in childbearing-aged women.
| Author/year | Country/city | Sample size | Pre-pregnancy BMI (mean ± SD) |
GWG (mean ± SD)※ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (%) | Normal weight (%) | Overweight/Obese (%) | Inadequate (%) | Adequate (%) | Excessive (%) | |||
| Yang et al.§ 2011–201330 | Wuhan, China | 85,765 | 20.4 ± 2.3 kg/m2 | 17.4 ± 7.2 kg | ||||
| 16.9% | 76.4% | 6.7% | 17.5% | 25.0% | 57.5% | |||
| Li et al.§ 2009–201119 | Tianjin, China | 33,973 | NA | NA | ||||
| 11.2% | 64.6% | 24.2% | 9.8% | 33.0% | 57.1% | |||
| Liu et al.* 1993–200521 | Jiangsu and Zhejiang, China | 273,365 | NA | NA | ||||
| 22.7% | 75.5% | 1.9% | NA | NA | NA | |||
| The present study§ 2016 | Shanghai, China | 510 | 20.5 ± 2.6 kg/m2 | 15.1 ± 4.5 kg | ||||
| 23.5% | 65.9% | 10.6% | 20.6% | 43.5% | 35.9% | |||
| Tanaka et al.# 2010–201331 | Osaka, Japan | 1883 | 20.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 | 10.3 ± 3.7 kg | ||||
| 20.0% | 63.9% | 16.1% | 57.9% | 31.2% | 10.9% | |||
| Murakami et al.#,32 | Sakata, Japan | 633 | 20.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2 | 10.5 ± 3.4 kg | ||||
| 14.8% | 77.2% | 8.0% | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Enomoto et al.* 201333 | Yokohama, Japan | 97,157 | NA | NA | ||||
| 18.2% | 71.1% | 10.6% | 63.8% | 29.1% | 7.1% | |||
| Deierlein et al.* 2001–200528 | the Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition (PIN) study, USA | 363 | 24.2 ± 5.6 kg/m2 | 16.0 ± 5.4 kg | ||||
| 5.5% | 65.4% | 29.1% | 12.7% | 29.4% | 57.9% | |||
| Ferraro et al.* 2002–200929 | the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort, Canada | 4,321 | 25 ± 5.6 kg/m2 | 16.1 ± 6.8 kg | ||||
| 3.9% | 56.2% | 39.9% | 13.0% | 29.3% | 57.7% | |||
NA, not applicable.
※GWG within the IOM recommendations were 12.5–18, 11.5–16, 7–11.5, and 5–9 kg for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively.
§Women were categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24.0–27.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥28.0 kg/m2) according to the standard of Working Group on Obesity in China.
*Women were categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) according to the WHO criteria.
#Women were categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–24.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥25.0 kg/m2) according to the Japan Society for Study of Obesity.