Table 4.

Surgical results (Mean ± SD)

Characteristic	Uniportal VATS (n = 73)	Two-port VATS (n = 86)	Three-port VATS (n = 98)	P-value
Operative time (min)	154.88 ± 31.31	163.91 ± 49.72	162.84 ± 68.18	0.519
Blood loss (mL)	92.5 ± 22.66	100 ± 33.89	103.21 ± 27.41	0.051
Drainage time (days)	4.55 ± 1.41	5.34 ± 1.81	5.26 ± 3.15	0.069
Length of hospital stay (days)	8.63 ± 2.06	8.95 ± 2.40	9.55 ± 3.18	0.069
Number of lymph nodes retrieved (lung cancer patients only)	13.56 ± 3.79	12.68 ± 3.17	12.71 ± 4.18	0.252
Number of nodal stations explored (lung cancer patients only)	7.05 ± 1.15	6.73 ± 1.28	6.56 ± 1.49	0.059

There were no significant difference in these results among the three groups (all P > 0.05)