. 2016 Oct 26;13:190–200. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.036

Table 3.

Changes in markers of endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation (Per Protocol population).

		Placebo	LU	B420	LU + B420	Overall P	Factorial P B420	Factorial P LU
Outcome		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Overall P	Factorial P B420	Factorial P LU
	n	35–36	35–36	25	37
Zonulin (ng/ml)	Baseline	56.5 ± 12.6	55.5 ± 9.1	58.4 ± 11.4	64.6 ± 14.2
	Month 6	59.7 ± 10.9	58.4 ± 12.0	57.1 ± 8.3	63.4 ± 13.0
	Δ (ng/ml)	+ 3.5 ± 10.0	+ 2.8 ± 8.6	− 1.2 ± 9.1	− 1.2 ± 7.0	0.10	0.063	0.84
ApoB-48 (μg/ml)	Baseline	11.0 ± 7.2	9.5 ± 6.9	11.1 ± 5.5	9.8 ± 4.9
	Month 6	11.0 ± 6.1	9.1 ± 5.4	12.6 ± 7.5	10.4 ± 5.7
	Δ (μg/ml)	+ 0.07 ± 5.7	− 0.44 ± 5.3	+ 1.53 ± 6.5	+ 0.56 ± 4.0	0.74^a	0.26^a	0.092^a
hsCRP (mg/l)	Baseline	1.73 ± 1.4	2.20 ± 2.3	2.78 ± 2.6	2.58 ± 2.6
	Month 6	2.08 ± 1.3	2.43 ± 2.30	2.22 ± 2.6	2.56 ± 2.6
	Δ (mg/l)	+ 0.35 ± 1.7	+ 0.23 ± 1.8	− 0.56 ± 2.0	− 0.02 ± 2.0	0.13^a	0.073^a	0.84^a
LPS (EU/l)	Baseline	65 ± 115	120 ± 206	43 ± 61	39 ± 43
	Month 6	39 ± 26	101 ± 365	51 ± 76	48 ± 42
	Δ (EU/l)	− 26 ± 108	− 13 ± 341	+ 7.1 ± 39	+ 9.1 ± 40^⁎	0.007^b	0.094^a	0.22^a
sCD14 (μg/ml)	Baseline	1.62 ± 0.39	1.82 ± 0.43	1.80 ± 0.37	1.77 ± 0.49
	Month 6	1.80 ± 0.61	1.87 ± 0.49	1.79 ± 0.54	1.75 ± 0.43
	Δ (μg/ml)	+ 0.18 ± 0.6	+ 0.06 ± 0.5	− 0.01 ± 0.5	− 0.03 ± 0.5	0.43	0.24	0.78
IL-6 (pg/ml)	Baseline	10.5 ± 19	12.8 ± 20	9.0 ± 10	17.5 ± 54
	Month 6	9.2 ± 16	12.3 ± 13	11.2 ± 13	8.0 ± 10
	Δ (pg/ml)	− 1.2 ± 10	− 0.54 ± 15	+ 2.2 ± 13	− 9.5 ± 47	0.72^a	0.42^a	0.64^a

^⁎

Significant difference from Placebo, P < 0.05 (Dunnett's test, corrected for multiple comparisons). Only relative changes from baseline to month 6 were statistically compared between groups.

Analyses on log-transformed data.

Non-parametric analyses.