Table 1.
Kinematic Variables for the Right Lower Extremity and Trunk (Mean ± SD)
| Kinematic Variable, ° |
Height |
|||
| 0.30 m |
0.50 m |
|||
| No VPAC |
VPAC |
No VPAC |
VPAC |
|
| Ankle plantar flexion | 11.6 ± 7.9 | 11.6 ± 9.3 | 40.0 ± 9.8 | 41.1 ± 8.3 |
| Ankle inversiona | 10.4 ± 11.3 | 8.5 ± 6.8 | 7.2 ± 12.3 | 3.2 ± 14.5 |
| Ankle rotation | 22.2 ± 12.8 | 23.9 ± 16.1 | 24.3 ± 11.3 | 23.3 ± 11.7 |
| Knee flexionb | 40.9 ± 12.5 | 44.9 ± 13.7 | 46.8 ± 26.5 | 40.4 ± 15.7 |
| Knee abduction | 4.4 ± 3.4 | 4.4 ± 2.9 | 8.7 ± 5.4 | 6.4 ± 14.4 |
| Knee rotationb | 31.0 ± 10.9 | 33.7 ± 13.6 | 31.6 ± 11.2 | 32.1 ± 9.9 |
| Hip flexion | 9.2 ± 4.91 | 9.4 ± 4.4 | 29.3 ± 13.9 | 25.4 ± 28.3 |
| Hip abduction | 2.2 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 12.8 ± 39.9 | 10.0 ± 38.1 |
| Ankle plantar flexion at contact | −7.0 ± 16.7 | −7.4 ± 16.3 | 13.1 ± 23.9 | 15.4 ± 11.2 |
| Ankle inversion at contact | −4.2 ± 19.8 | −4.0 ± 19.7 | 11.7 ± 20.7 | 8.4 ± 14.7 |
| Ankle rotation at contactc | −9.1 ± 7.0 | −9.7 ± 7.0 | −14.1 ± 8.1 | −9.9 ± 8.9 |
| Knee flexion at contacta,c | 18.6 ± 21.4 | 18.5 ± 20.4 | 9.4 ± 9.6 | 11.9 ± 9.5 |
| Knee abduction at contact | −6.7 ± 18.6 | −6.1 ± 19.4 | −3.8 ± 6.7 | −3.5 ± 5.2 |
| Knee rotation at contact | −4.7 ± 10.9 | −4.8 ± 11.7 | −0.1 ± 16.9 | −1.9 ± 10.9 |
| Hip flexion at contacta,c | 28.1 ± 8.2 | 28.5 ± 7.7 | 25.4 ± 7.2 | 27.2 ± 6.8 |
| Hip abduction at contact | 1.4 ± 9.6 | 1.3 ± 9.2 | 7.1 ± 4.9 | 6.7 ± 6.0 |
Abbreviation: VPAC, preemptive abdominal contraction.
a
VPAC effect for the 0.50-m height (P < .05).
b
VPAC effect for the 0.30-m height (P < .05).
c
Interaction between VPAC and height (P < .05).