Table 2. Comparison of present work to other published work with Operating Bandwidth.

Approaches used for increasing Bandwidth	Reference	Mechanisms	Acceleration (g)	Center frequency (Hz)/Excited frequencies (Hz)	BW range (Hz)	Power	Power density
Multimodal Energy Harvesting + Hybrid mechanism	Challa et al.90	Electromagnetic + Piezoelectric	—	21.6 Hz	—	332 μW	9.5 μW/cm3
	Tadesse et al.84	Electromagnetic + Piezoelectric	35 g	20 Hz, 100 Hz	—	250.25 mW	2.66 mW/cm3
Non-linear Stiffening	Liu et al.39	Piezoelectric	0.6 g	39 Hz	18 Hz	0.88 μW	159.4 μW/cm3
	Jeon et al.86	Triboelectric	17.5 g	11 Hz	22 Hz	6.52 μW	0.023 μW/cm3
	Dhakar et al.57	Triboelectric	1.6 g	30 Hz	22.05 Hz	0.91 μW	0.23 μW/cm2
Multimodal + Hybrid + Non-linear Stiffening	This Work	Triboelectric + Electromagnetic	2.0 g	80 Hz	68 Hz	50.2 μW	0.8 μW/cm3