Table 1. Baseline Characteristics at the Onset of AKI1.
| Training Cohort (n = 1098) | Validation Cohort (n = 1143) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (yr) | 62.1 (51.7–71.7) | 62.8 (51.8–71.7) | 0.85 |
| Male Sex (%) | 617 (56.3) | 628 (55.5) | 0.68 |
| Black (%) | 294 (26.8) | 309 (27.0) | 0.89 |
| Hispanic (%) | 28 (2.6) | 37 (3.3) | 0.33 |
| BMI | 28.0 (24.0–33.0) | 27.0 (23.0–32.0) | 0.02 |
| Laboratory Data | |||
| Anion Gap, per 1 unit | 8.0 (7.0–10.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.95 |
| Bicarbonate, meq/L | 24.0 (22.0–27.0) | 25.0 (22.0–27.0) | 0.87 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 21.0 (12.0–32.0) | 21.0 (13.0–33.0) | 0.54 |
| BUN Slope, mg/dl/24h | 4.7 (0.9–9.7) | 4.5 (0.9–9.8) | 0.98 |
| Calcium, mg/dL | 8.4 (7.9–8.9) | 8.4 (7.9–8.9) | 0.96 |
| Chloride, meq/L | 104.0 (101.0–108.0) | 104.0 (100.0–108.0) | 0.97 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 0.39 |
| Creatinine Slope, mg/dl/24h | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | 0.69 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 123.0 (100.0–156.0) | 122.0 (98.0–156.0) | 0.48 |
| Hematocrit, % | 31.0 (27.0–35.0) | 30.0 (27.0–35.0) | 0.17 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.2 (8.9–11.7) | 10.1 (8.9–11.5) | 0.10 |
| Magnesium, meq/L | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 0.83 |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), pg/cell | 30.1 (2.8) | 30.1 (2.9) | 0.63 |
| MCH Concentration, g/dL | 33.0 (32.0–34.0) | 33.0 (32.0–34.0) | 0.16 |
| Platelet Count, 1000/uL | 185.0 (117.0–263.0) | 189.0 (131.0–261.0) | 0.26 |
| Potassium, meq/L | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 4.2 (3.8–4.6) | 0.50 |
| Red Cell Distribution, % | 15.6 (14.2–17.4) | 15.9 (14.4–18.0) | 0.002 |
| Sodium, meq/L | 137.0 (135.0–140.0) | 137.0 (134.0–140.0) | 0.92 |
| White Blood Cell Count, 100/uL | 9.5 (6.5–13.9) | 9.7 (6.6–14.4) | 0.25 |
| Pantoprazole Use3, % | 51 (4.6%) | 54 (4.7%) | 0.93 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| CHF2 | 356 (32.4) | 375 (32.9) | 0.82 |
| Diabetes | 309 (28.1) | 368 (32.2) | 0.04 |
| Cancer | 294 (26.8) | 288 (25.2) | 0.41 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 279 (25.4) | 307 (26.9) | 0.42 |
| Liver Disease | 164 (14.9) | 158 (13.8) | 0.45 |
Baseline characteristics at AKI onset. Comparisons between continuous covariates were made with rank-sum tests, and categorical covariates with chi-square tests.
1 AKI = Acute Kidney Injury as defined by KDIGO creatinine criteria.
2 CHF = Congestive Heart Failure.
3Pantoprazole was the only proton-pump inhibitor on formulary at the hospital at the time of this study.