Table 2. Subject characteristics by semi-quantitative emphysema>10% (n = 164).
| Variable | Emphysema>10% (n = 51) | Emphysema≤10% (n = 113) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and comorbidities | |||
| Male (%) | 98 | 98 | 0.93 |
| Age | 57 (52–61) | 54 (47–58) | 0.03 |
| Race | 0.07 | ||
| Black (%) | 76 | 71 | |
| White (%) | 20 | 12 | |
| Hispanic (%) | 4 | 12 | |
| BMI | 24 (21–26) | 27 (24–31) | <0.001 |
| Chronic heart disease (%) | 16 | 18 | 0.75 |
| Diabetes (%) | 14 | 25 | 0.11 |
| Hypertension (%) | 49 | 56 | 0.42 |
| Anemia (%) | 14 | 17 | 0.62 |
| History of TB (%) | 12 | 5.3 | 0.14 |
| History of PCP (%) | 3.9 | 0.90 | 0.18 |
| History of bacterial pneumonia (%) | 27 | 12 | 0.01 |
| History of TB, PCP or bacterial pneumonia (%) | 15 | 29 | 0.001 |
| Smoking and drug use | |||
| Smoking status | 0.04 | ||
| Never (%) | 6.0 | 19 | |
| Former (%) | 18 | 23 | |
| Current (%) | 76 | 58 | |
| Pack-years | 34 (13–48) | 15 (2.7–32) | <0.001 |
| History of IVDU (%) | 34 | 30 | 0.59 |
| History of inhalational drug use (%) | 96 | 85 | 0.04 |
| HIV-related | |||
| CD4/CD8 ratio (linear) | 0.38 (0.25–0.59) | 0.54 (0.33–0.88) | 0.03 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 0.03 | ||
| <0.4 (%) | 51 | 30 | |
| 0.4–1 (%) | 37 | 50 | |
| >1.0 (%) | 12 | 20 | |
| CD4 (cells/μL) | 383 (241–591) | 455 (324–636) | 0.09 |
| CD4<200 cells/μL (%) | 20 | 11 | 0.12 |
| Nadir CD4<200 cells/μL (%) | 76 | 53 | 0.008 |
| CD8 (cells/μL) | 907 (592–1362) | 937 (663–1237) | 0.81 |
| Viral load>50 copies/mL (%) | 39 | 33 | 0.48 |
| Soluble CD14 (ng/mL) | 1674 (1487–2164) | 1626 (1364–1953) | 0.13 |
| On ART (%) | 76 | 73 | 0.68 |
| Pulmonary Function and Emphysema | |||
| FEV1/FVC, pre-bronchodilator | 68 (62–76) | 78 (72–81) | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, post-bronchodilator | 71 (65–77) | 80 (76–84) | <0.001 |
| Airflow obstruction (%) | 44 | 7.4 | <0.001 |
| FEV1% pred, pre-bronchodilator | 83 (70–93) | 93 (79–105) | 0.003 |
| FEV1% pred, post-bronchodilator | 87 (76–101) | 97 (84–109) | 0.005 |
| FVC % pred, pre-bronchodilator | 96 (82–107) | 93 (84–105) | 0.63 |
| FVC % pred, post-bronchodilator | 97 (86–111) | 96 (86–104) | 0.40 |
| DLCO % pred | 45 (39–57) | 56 (48–70) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables presented as medians (interquartile range) and categorical variables presented as %.
BMI = body mass index; IVDU = intravenous drug use; TB = tuberculosis; PCP = Pneumocystis pneumonia; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; % pred = percent-predicted; DLCO = diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide; ART = antiretroviral therapy
*P-value is for χ2 or Wilcoxon rank sum testing