Table 3. Summary Results for Overall (4 Year) Regression Models for Wound and Other Physical Health Complications.
| Independent Variables | Postinjury Outcomes Variables OR (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wound Complications | Physical Health Complications | |||||||
| *Any Infection | *Osteomyelitis | Nonhealing Wound | DVT/PE | *Any Musculoskeletal | Pain | Osteoarthritis | Osteoporosis | |
| Injury Group | ||||||||
| Limb salvage (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Early amputation | NS | 0.46 | NS | NS | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.32 | 10.41 |
| (0.23–0.91) | (0.23–0.70) | (0.39–0.88) | (0.16–0.64) | (2.44–44.49) | ||||
| Late amputation | 3.60 | 2.46 | NS | NS | NS | 2.11 | NS | NS |
| (2.09–6.15) | (1.04–5.82) | (1.19–3.74) | ||||||
| Blast (vs. no blast, ref) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1.88 | 2.81 | NS |
| (1.17–3.03) | (1.08–7.32) | |||||||
| ISS (log) | 1.34 | 1.43 | 1.50 | 1.43 | 1.23 | NS | NS | NS |
| (1.16–1.54) | (1.15–1.77) | (1.22–1.85) | (1.15–1.77) | (1.05–1.44) | ||||
| Age, year | NS | 1.00 | NS | 1.04 | 1.04 | NS | 1.08 | NS |
| (1.00–1.08) | (1.00–1.08) | (1.00–1.07) | (1.03–1.13) | |||||
| Injury year (2001/5 vs. 2006/8, ref) | NS | 0.47 | NS | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.55 | NS | NS |
| (0.29–0.75) | (0.29–0.75) | (0.43–0.84) | (0.40–0.75) | |||||
TBI and injury location (above vs. below knee) were not significant in the models.
* Variables with significant injury group × time interactions (see text for summary of interactions).
Nonunion fracture: Results based on very few cases for early amputation. Early amputation had significantly lower ORs than limb salvage. Late amputation ORs not significantly different from limb salvage. Increased ISS associated with significantly increased ORs.
Late effects of injury: early amputation (OR = 0.49 [95% CI, 0.28–0.85] and had significantly reduced OR relative to limb salvage. Increasing ISS also was associated with significantly increased OR (OR = 1.46 [95% CI, 1.2–1.76]) relative to limb salvage.
CI = confidence interval, DVT/PE = deep vessel thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, ISS = Injury Severity Score, NS = not significant, OR = odds ratio, TBI = traumatic brain injury.