Table 4. Summary Results for Overall (4 Year) Regression Models for Psychological Disorders.
| Independent Variables | Postinjury Outcomes Variables OR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD | Mood | Adjustment | Anxiety* | Substance Abuse | Other† | |
| Injury Group | ||||||
| Limb salvage (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Early amputation | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Late amputation | NS | 2.83 | 2.36 | NS | NS | 2.66 |
| (1.31–6.09) | (1.20–4.62) | (1.49–4.77) | ||||
| Blast (vs. no blast, ref) | NS | NS | NS | 0.39 | NS | 2.29 |
| (0.20–0.76) | (1.37–3.86) | |||||
| ISS (log) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | 1.98 |
| (1.46–2.96) | ||||||
| Age, yr | 0.93 | NS | – | NS | 0.94 | NS |
| (0.89–0.98) | (0.89–0.99) | |||||
| Injury year (2001/5, ref vs. 2006/8) | NS | NS | 0.38 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 0.42 |
| (0.26–0.55) | (0.36–0.79) | (0.27–0.83) | (0.31–0.58) | |||
| Preinjury psychological diagnosis | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Traumatic brain injury and injury location (above vs. below knee) were not significant in the models.
*Variables with significant injury group × time interaction (see results section for description of the interactions).
†Other psychological disorders included postconcussion syndrome, and cognitive and sleep disorders.
Substance abuse: late amputation had significantly increased OR relative to early amputation (OR = 2.55 [1.17–5.54]).
Anxiety: late amputation had significantly increased OR relative to early amputation (OR = 2.39 [1.34–4.25]).
PTSD: early amputation had significantly reduced OR relative to limb salvage (OR = 0.39 [0.15–0.97]) only during year 1, although the injury group × time interaction was not significant.
CI = confidence interval, ISS = Injury Severity Score, NS = not significant, OR = odds ratio, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.