Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical variables between no-recurrence and recurrence groups at initial presentation
| Variablesa | No-recurrence (N=86) (%) | Recurrence (N=28) (%) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Mean±SD or median (IQR) | Mean±SD or median (IQR) | ||
| Settings | 0.03b | ||
| Kasturba Hospital, Manipal | 68 (79.1) | 16 (57.1) | |
| Primary Health Centres, Udupi taluk | 18 (20.9) | 12 (42.9) | |
|
| |||
| Point-of-care | 0.19 | ||
| Ambulatory | 36 (41.9) | 16 (57.1) | |
| Inpatient | 50 (58.1) | 12 (42.9) | |
|
| |||
| Age in years | 38.9±12.1 | 38.9±13.6 | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Gender | 0.69 | ||
| Male | 80 (93) | 25 (89.3) | |
| Female | 6 (7) | 3 (10.7) | |
|
| |||
| History | 0.67 | ||
| Fever in days | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | 1.00 |
| Headache | 72 (83.7) | 24 (85.7) | 0.66 |
| Cough | 35 (40.7) | 13 (46.4) | 0.51 |
| Vomiting | 33 (38.4) | 13 (46.4) | 0.29 |
| Diarrhea | 11 (12.8) | 1 (3.6) | 0.08 |
| Malaria | 31 (36) | 16 (57.1) | 0.02b |
| P. vivax malaria | 27 (31.4) | 16 (57.1) | |
|
| |||
| Vitals | 0.30 | ||
| Axillary temperature at presentation (0F) | 100±1.5 | 99.7±1.5 | 0.08 |
| Pulse rate (beats/minute) | 85.9±11.3 | 91.3±10.2 | 0.71 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/minute) | 22±3.9 | 21.6±4.2 | 0.14 |
| Systolic blood pressure (/mmHg) | 120.9±15.5 | 114.4±16.3 | 0.43 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (/mmHg) | 78.4±10.7 | 76±12.3 | |
|
| |||
| nPCR diagnosis | 0.78 | ||
| P. vivax mono-infection | 71 (82.6) | 22 (78.6) | |
| Mixed P. vivax and P. falciparum | 15 (17.4) | 6 (21.4) | |
|
| |||
| Severe malariac | 10 (11.6) | 3 (10.7) | 1.00 |
|
| |||
| Antimalarial treatment at KH, Manipal | N=68 | N=16 | 0.08 |
| CQ-PQ | 57 (83.8) | 10 (62.5) | |
| ACT-PQ | 11 (16.2) | 6 (37.5) | |
a
Categorical variables are summarized as frequency with proportion whereas continuous variables are summarized as either mean (±SD) or median (IQR). χ2-test or Fischer’s exact test and independent sample t-test or Mann Whitney U test was performed.
b
P-value less than 0.05 showing a statistically significant difference.
c
As per the WHO’s guideline for management of severe malaria in the year 2012 [17].